Multimodal sensory discrimination deficits in Korsakoff's psychosis

Mair, Robert G.; Doty, Richard L.; Kelly, Kahlin; Wilson, Chase; Langlais, Philip J.; McEntee, William J.; Vollmecke, Teresa Anne

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(86)90082-5

Cited by 79 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The analysis of median scores suggested that the results obtained in the present study could not be explained by sporadic lapses of attention and a correlational analysis gave no indication of a relationship between spatial short-term memory and frontal lobe function, although the modest group sizes did limit the power of this latter analysis. Other researchers suggest that Korsakoff patients show a generalised impairment in attention or perception due to dysfunction of intralaminar thalamic nuclei or a reduction of brain norepinephrine (Mair et al, 1986;Paller, Acharya, Richardson et al, 1997). The possibility that our Korsakoff group may have had a more diffuse attentional deficit was not addressed by the analysis of median scores and cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage

et al. 2000

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Two patients with medial temporal lobe damage, seven Korsakoff amnesics and fourteen healthy control subjects were tested on three conditions of a spatial memory test ('short delay', 'allocentric' and 'egocentric'). The task required subjects to recall the position of a single spot of light presented on a board after various delays. The 'short delay' condition tested memory over very short, unfilled intervals. The other two conditions used longer, filled delays. The allocentric condition required subjects to move to a different place around the board before recalling the position of the light. In the egocentric condition stimuli were presented in darkness, which eliminated allocentric cues. The Korsakoff amnesics were impaired at all delays of the short delay tasks, suggesting poor encoding. On the allocentric and egocentric tasks the Korsakoff amnesics showed a comparable impairment in the two conditions, which worsened with delay. This accelerated forgetting suggested that the Korsakoff amnesics also had impaired memory for allocentric and egocentric information. The patients with medial temporal lobe damage were unimpaired in the 'short delay' condition suggesting intact encoding and short-term memory of spatial information. However, they were impaired in the allocentric condition and showed accelerated loss of allocentric spatial information. In the egocentric condition, while the performance of one patient was impaired, the performance of the other was as good as controls. This result suggests that, in contrast to allocentric spatial memory, which is sensitive to medial temporal lobe damage, an intact medial temporal lobe need not be necessary for successful performance on an egocentric spatial memory task.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage

et al. 2000

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“…Oifaction UPSIT Magnetic resonance imaging SEVERAL investigations have now shown that alcohol abuse may be associated with olfactory loss, not only in individuals with Korsakoff's syndrome (12,(18)(19)(20)23,27), but also in nonamnesic alcoholics (2,27). In a recent study, DiTraglia et al (2) reported that detoxified male alcoholics were impaired, relative to control subjects, on a multiple-choice test of odor identification.…”

Section: Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory loss in alcoholics: Correlations with cortical and subcortical MRI indices

Shear

Butters

Jernigan

et al. 1992

Alcohol

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“…Despite the lack of enhancement of detection performance in other modalities following the administration of this drug, amphetamine might be expected to improve odor detection performance, since amphetamine releases catecholamines in central olfactory regions such as the olfactory tubercle (e.g., Speciale et al 1980) and a 0.87 correlation has been noted, in Korsakoff's psychosis patients, between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of a major metabolite of norepinephrine and scores on an odor identification test known to correlate strongly with odor detection thresholds (Doty et al 1984;Mair et al 1986). …”

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confidence: 98%

Odor detection performance of rats followingd-amphetamine treatment: a signal detection analysis

Doty

Ferguson-Segall

1987

Psychopharmacology

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The effects of d-amphetamine sulfate (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/kg SC) on the odor detection performance of 16 adult male Long Evans rats was assessed using high precision olfactometry and a go/no-go operant signal detection task. The drug or saline was administered every 3rd day in a counterbalanced order, with the injections occurring 5 min before each 260-trial test session. Relative to saline, enhanced detection performance to the target stimulus (ethyl acetate), as measured by a non-parametric signal detection index (SI), was observed following administration of 0.2 mg/kg of the drug, whereas decreased detection performance was observed following administration of 1.6 mg/kg of the drug. Significant increases in the responsivity index (RI) occurred at the higher drug dosages for the lower odorant concentrations. In addition, small but statistically significant increases in the latency to respond in the presence of the odor (i.e., S+ response latency) were present at the higher drug dosages. Overall, these data suggest that (a) odor detection performance is enhanced by low doses of amphetamine, (b) odor detection performance is depressed by moderate doses of amphetamine, and (c) drug-related alterations in response criteria occur following the administration of moderate doses of amphetamine.

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Multimodal sensory discrimination deficits in Korsakoff's psychosis

Cited by 79 publications

References 33 publications

A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage

A comparison of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory in a patient with selective hippocampal damage

Olfactory loss in alcoholics: Correlations with cortical and subcortical MRI indices

Odor detection performance of rats followingd-amphetamine treatment: a signal detection analysis

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