Multimodality Imaging in Endomyocardial Fibrosis: An Unusual Etiology of Heart Failure

Velandia-Carrillo, Carlos; Zuluaga, José F.

doi:10.1016/j.case.2021.06.002

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The three phases of this disease have been described: the first one being necrosis and acute carditis; followed by subacute phase with formation of thrombi; and finally the phase of fibrosis, characterised by progressive endocardial scarring, resulting in a restrictive pattern with atrioventricular and valvular dysfunction 5. Because of the progressive nature of the disease and lack of additional clinical clues, these patients may present in the last phase of fibrosis when atrioventricular dysfunction has already taken place.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Echocardiography is considered the initial imaging modality of choice for diagnosing EMF. The common findings include fibrotic obliteration at apex, dilatation of IVC, pericardial effusion, biatrial enlargement and left ventricular involvement in later stage are the hallmark findings 2 5. A scoring system established by Mocumbi et al is often helpful to make the diagnosis on the basis of these echocardiography findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endomyocardial fibrosis: a tragic conundrum or a mere negligence?

Shah,

Lanjewar

2023

BMJ Case Rep

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Often termed as ‘vanishing mystery’ epidemiologically, endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) continues to be the the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in Africa and some parts of the Indian subcontinent, where it is considered a significant public health problem. On the other hand, in developed countries, it is considered a rare phenomenon. This entity is considered incurable due to lack of targeted therapies, even after 75 years since its discovery. The authors describe here a case of an Indian male, in his early 30s who presented with complaints of dyspnoea on minimal daily activities, swelling of both legs and abdominal fullness for 3 months. The clinical features were suggestive of isolated right heart failure. He was diagnosed with EMF on echocardiography and the findings were confirmed on cardiac MRI. The patient has progressed to develop biventricular dysfunction and is being managed symptomatically with diuretics due to unavailability of targeted treatment options at present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endomyocardial fibrosis: a tragic conundrum or a mere negligence?

Shah,

Lanjewar

2023

BMJ Case Rep

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“…Recent advancements, such as the xenotransplantation of genetically modified porcine hearts, show promise in addressing the challenge of finding suitable donor hearts for transplantation. While further research and improvements are needed, these advancements offer hope for heart-compromised patients and the potential to reduce mortality rates [23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Management Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Complications of Endomyocardial Fibrosis along with Their Physiological Compromise

Nabhani

2023

JAMMR

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Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a cardiac condition characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue in the myocardium and endocardium, resulting in restricted heart function. This review focuses on the prevalence of EMF, which primarily affects the young population but can also be found in older individuals. The disease is most commonly observed in underdeveloped regions such as Uganda, Mozambique, South Asia, and South America. Recent studies have aimed to comprehensively understand this condition, and this review examines the complications associated with EMF based on case studies, clinical trials, experiments, and research. These complications include heart failure, regurgitation of the atrioventricular valves, arrhythmias, effusions in serous cavities, circulatory shock, stroke, myocardial ischemic syndromes, hepatic dysfunction, and end-organ dysfunctions. Fatalities can occur due to complications like heart failure, and the presence of left ventricular thrombosis increases the risk of systemic or cerebral thromboembolism, potentially leading to a stroke. The review also discusses management strategies that have proven effective, advancements in cardiac transplantation, and newly proposed therapeutic targets, which offer hope for mitigating the impact of EMF and its consequences.

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