Multimodality Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis in Oncology

Blankenberg, Francis G.; Norfray, Joseph F.

doi:10.2214/ajr.11.6953

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Presently in this case the 'labeling' technology has definite advantages, since it allows free selection of fluorescence reporters including the dyes excited in the near-IR range 800-1,000 nm (the wavelength range of maximal transparency of living tissues) (Ntziachristos et al 2004;Smith et al 2011b), the fluorescent nanoparticles exhibiting upconversion phenomenon (Nagarajan and Zhang 2011) or applying two-photon excitation (Rubart 2004). In the case of deeply located cells and dense tissues the probing with radioactive or MRI contrast agents (Blankenberg and Norfray 2011) or smart nanoparticles that combine MRI and fluorescence responses (van Tilborg et al 2006) was suggested. Regarding 'sensing' technology, these applications are not straightforward, though F2N12S can be a relatively good two-photonic absorber (Oncul et al 2010).…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond annexin V: fluorescence response of cellular membranes to apoptosis

2012

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Dramatic changes in the structure of cell membranes on apoptosis allow easy, sensitive and non-destructive analysis of this process with the application of fluorescence methods. The strong plasma membrane asymmetry is present in living cells, and its loss on apoptosis is commonly detected with the probes interacting strongly and specifically with phosphatidylserine (PS). This phospholipid becomes exposed to the cell surface, and the application of annexin V labeled with fluorescent dye is presently the most popular tool for its detection. Several methods have been suggested recently that offer important advantages over annexin V assay with the ability to study apoptosis by spectroscopy of cell suspensions, flow cytometry and confocal or twophoton microscopy. The PS exposure marks the integrated changes in the outer leaflet of cell membrane that involve electrostatic potential and hydration, and the attempts are being made to provide direct probing of these changes. This review describes the basic mechanisms underlying the loss of membrane asymmetry during apoptosis and discusses, in comparison with the annexin V-binding assay, the novel fluorescence techniques of detecting apoptosis on cellular membrane level. In more detail we describe the detection method based on smart fluorescent dye F2N12S incorporated into outer leaflet of cell membrane and reporting on apoptotic cell transformation by easily detectable change of the spectral distribution of fluorescent emission. It can be adapted to any assay format.

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Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond annexin V: fluorescence response of cellular membranes to apoptosis

2012

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“…1). Specifically, radiobiological responses include: i) molecular reactions such as DSB (14)(15)(16)(17)(18), ATM (19,20), ATR (21), NBS1 (22), BRCA1 (23), DNA-PK (24,25), HIF-1a (26,27), γ-H2AX (28,29), as well as the early response molecules such as Egr-1 (30) and c-fos (31); ii) cellular responses such as apoptosis (32), autophagy (16,(33)(34)(35), cell proliferation rate (36) and changes in cell cycle (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43); iii) tissue and organ level responses, including volume changes (44), inflammation, edema and fibrosis (8,45,46); and iv) the overall level of responses, including changes in expression of cytokines such as IL-1 (47), IL-6 (48), TNFα (49) and TGFβ (45). Radiation responses should be considered on multiple, comprehensive levels in the tumor and normal tissue, as well as in the early stage of acute response and the late stage tissue responses.…”

Section: How Do Radiation-induced Responses Modify Radiotherapy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to optimize radiotherapy based on biological responses of tumor and normal tissue

Wang

Lang

2012

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Rapid developments in radiation oncology are currently taking place. Radiation-induced responses are being increasingly used for radiotherapy modification based on advancements in radiobiology. In the process of radiation treatment, radiobiological responses of tumor and normal tissue in patients are monitored non-invasively by a variety of techniques including imaging, biological methods and biochemical assays. Information collected using these methods and data on responses are further incorporated into radiotherapy optimization approaches, which not only include the optimization of radiation treatment planning, such as dose distributions in targets and treatment delivery, but also include radiation sensitivity modification and gene radiotherapy of the tumor and normal tissue. Hence, the highest tumor control rate is obtained with the utmost protection being afforded to normal tissue under this treatment modality.

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“…Apoptosis is the primary mechanism by which unneeded or senescent cells are physiologically absorbed by healthy adjacent cells and tissues (1). The term apoptosis (in Greek, a dropping or falling off of an organ or part) describes a complex series of morphologic events including cytoplasmic shrinkage, nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing, and budding off of intracellular contents, which are then packaged into small membrane-bound packets called apoptotic bodies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%