Multimode Interference Couplers With Reduced Parasitic Reflections

Kleijn, E Emil; Melati, Daniele; Melloni, Andrea; Vries, T. de; Smit, M.K.; Leijtens, X.J.M.

doi:10.1109/lpt.2013.2295624

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The electrical bias conditions were 75 mA and 1.5 V. The agreement for the implemented elements is excellent, giving confidence that the loss and noise performance of the circuits can be clearly attributed to the excess losses of the components. The excess losses can, however, be significantly reduced by using optimized components like mode-size adaption at the facets [30], low-parasitic-reflection splitters [31], low-loss waveguide crossing through a broadening at the intersecting waveguides [32], and low waveguide losses of the order of 0.5 dB/cm for minimized p-doping level in the passive waveguides [33]. The projected performance for the 16 × 16 switch matrix with optimized component losses are shown in Figure 1b: lossless circuit level operation is enabled and a radical impact on the optical signal to noise ratio is found by being increased up to about 50 dB/0.1 nm.…”

Section: Inp Soa-based Broadband Switch Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Large-Scale Fast Reprogrammable SOA-Based Photonic Integrated Switch Circuits

Stabile

2017

Applied Sciences

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Due to the exponentially increasing connectivity and bandwidth demand from the Internet, the most advanced examples of medium-scale fast reconfigurable photonic integrated switch circuits are offered by research carried out for data-and computer-communication applications, where network flexibility at a high speed and high connectivity are provided to suit network demand. Recently we have prototyped optical switching circuits using monolithic integration technology with up to several hundreds of integrated optical components per chip for high connectivity. In this paper, the current status of fast reconfigurable medium-scale indium phosphide (InP) integrated photonic switch matrices based on the use of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) gates is reviewed, focusing on broadband and cross-connecting monolithic implementations, granting a connectivity of up to sixteen input ports, sixteen output ports, and sixty-four channels, respectively. The opportunities for increasing connectivity, enabling nanosecond order reconfigurability, and introducing distributed optical power monitoring at the physical layer are highlighted. Complementary architecture based on resonant switching elements on the same material platform are also discussed for power efficient switching. Performance projections related to the physical layer are presented and strategies for improvements are discussed in view of opening a route towards large-scale power efficient fast reprogrammable photonic integrated switching circuits.

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Section: Inp Soa-based Broadband Switch Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Large-Scale Fast Reprogrammable SOA-Based Photonic Integrated Switch Circuits

Stabile

2017

Applied Sciences

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“…For Fiber-to-fiber signal loss (dB) 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Output number 11 12 13 14 15 16 example, mode-size adaption at the facets may be expected to reduce fibre-to-chip coupling to 1.5 dB per connection 54 . Low parasitic reflection splitters operating with only 0.2 dB excess loss 55 would lead to a net loss reduction of 3 dB. The number of crossing is significant, varying from 7 to 26, but the loss per crossing may be reduced by an order of magnitude through a broadening in the intersecting waveguides 56 .…”

Section: Dynamic Routing With Nanosecond Reconfiguration Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

Stabile

Albores-Mejia

Rohit³

et al. 2016

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Integrated circuit technologies are enabling intelligent, chip-based, optical packet switch matrices. Rapid real-time reconfigurability at the photonic layer using integrated circuit technologies is expected to enable cost-effective, energy-efficient, and transparent data communications. InP integrated photonic circuits offer high-performance amplifiers, switches, modulators, detectors, and de/multiplexers in the same wafer-scale processes. The complexity of these circuits has been transformed as the process technologies have matured, enabling component counts to increase to many hundreds per chip. Active-passive monolithic integration has enabled switching matrices with up to 480 components, connecting 16 inputs to 16 outputs. Integrated switching matrices route data streams of hundreds of gigabits per second. Multi-path and packet time-scale switching have been demonstrated in the laboratory to route between multiple fibre connections. Wavelength-granularity routing and monitoring is realised inside the chip. In this paper, we review the current status in InP integrated photonics for optical switch matrices, paying particular attention to the additional on-chip functions that become feasible with active component integration. We highlight the opportunities for introducing intelligence at the physical layer and explore the requirements and opportunities for cost-effective, scalable switching.Keywords: large-scale integration; optical switching devices; optoelectronics; photonic integrated circuits In turn, this is leading to unsustainable energy usage and an increasing complexity in network control 2-4 . Optical packet routing and switching technologies offer the prospect of highly efficient networking that is attuned to packet-based traffic flows 4 . However, to date the underlying photonic hardware has not proved sufficiently scalable, and the physical layer performance has been impeded by the analogue nature of the underlying photonic components.Photonic switch matrices and wavelength-selective switches already provide energy-efficient connectivity at the highest bandwidths for circuit-provisioned time-scales. The optical switching engines that are now being deployed in telecom networks and data centre networks are based on slow (millisecond) circuitswitching technologies that leverage micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) 5,6 and liquid crystal on silicon 7,8 switch elements. 3D MEMS systems now allow for connectivity between many hundreds of fibre connections 9,10 . The combination of broadband photonic switches and wavelength-selective diffractive optical elements offers even higher connectivity. However, the use of surface normal micro-optics introduces considerable assembly complexity as the connectivity scales. The switching speeds do not support packet-based traffic at the optical layer.Planar photonic integrated circuits have long held the promise of high-speed broadband connectivity with mass-manufactureable microchips 11 , but only recently has the technology

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“…In splitters, the abrupt transitions have lead to backreflected powers of order −10 to −15 dB, and this can be a cause of gain ripple in amplifiers and mode instabilities in many important classes of lasers. Recent work has reduced parasitic reflection to below −35 dB by optimizing the waveguide geometry [22]. In the example shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Ultra-low Reflection Splittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

InP photonic circuits using generic integration [Invited]

Williams¹,

Bente²,

Heiss³

et al. 2015

Photon. Res.

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Multimode Interference Couplers With Reduced Parasitic Reflections

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Towards Large-Scale Fast Reprogrammable SOA-Based Photonic Integrated Switch Circuits

Towards Large-Scale Fast Reprogrammable SOA-Based Photonic Integrated Switch Circuits

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

InP photonic circuits using generic integration [Invited]

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