Multimode interference in single mode‐multimode‐single mode fiber structure for steel beam compressive strain measurement

Yusof, Nur Hotimah; Razak, Hashim Abdul; Arof, Hamzah; Harun, Sulaiman Wadi

doi:10.1002/mop.31281

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A displacement sensor based on a bent SMS fiber structure has been proposed and investigated [48]. The bent SMS fiber structure has also been used as a curvature sensor [49] for vibration sensing [50][51], within a fiber laser [52], for strain sensing [53] and breath state monitoring [54]. Finally, a reflective SMS fiber structure ( Fig.…”

Section: B Stand-alone Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Liu

et al. 2021

IEEE Sensors J.

127

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A singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure consists of a short section of multimode fiber fusionspliced between two SMS fibers. The mechanism underpinning the operation of an SMS fiber structure is multimode interference and associated self-imaging. SMS structures can be used in a variety of optical fiber systems but are most commonly used as sensors for a variety of parameters, ranging from macro-world measurands such as temperature, strain, vibration, flow rate, RI and humidity to the micro-world with measurands such as proteins, pathogens, DNA, and specific molecules. While traditional SMS structures employ a short section of standard multimode fiber, a large number of structures have been investigated and demonstrated over the last decade involving the replacement of the multimode fiber section with alternatives such as a hollow core fiber or a tapered fiber. The objective of replacing the multimode fiber has most often been to allow sensing of different measurands or to improve sensitivity. In this paper, several different categories of SMS fiber structures, including traditional SMS, modified SMS and tapered SMS fiber structures are discussed with some theoretical underpinning and reviews of a wide variety of sensing examples and recent advances. The paper then summarizes and compares the performances of a variety of sensors which have been published under a number of headings. The paper concludes by considering the challenges faced by SMS based sensing schemes in terms of their deployment in real world applications and discusses possible future developments of SMS fiber sensors.

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Section: B Stand-alone Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Liu

et al. 2021

IEEE Sensors J.

127

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“…To date, the fiber sensors based on various principles have been studied, such as multimode interference (MMI) devices, fiber Bragg gratings, long‐period gratings, Sagnac interferometers, and Brillouin scattering 1‐5 . Among these sensors, MMI‐based fiber sensors are unique in terms of their simple forms and versatility; they have been used to detect various characteristics, such as displacement, temperature, vibration, refractive index, and strain by measuring the change in the peak wavelengths or the transmission intensity 1,6‐9 . Furthermore, MMI effects using single‐mode–multimode–single‐mode (SMS) fiber structures have been widely investigated as tunable fiber lenses, bandpass filters, tunable lasers, and spatial mode converters in addition to the sensor applications 10‐13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive temperature sensor based on multimode‐interference fiber structure with gel cladding

Sakata

Okada

Mochizuki

2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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We present a temperature‐sensitive, single‐mode–multimode–single‐mode (SMS) fiber structure with an index‐matching gel as a cladding material in a multimode segment. A silica core with the surrounding gel is supported straight by a thin glass tube to produce a bandpass transmission response. The passband wavelength shifts by 96 nm from 1624.5 to 1528.5 nm as the temperature increased from 40 to 200°C. The maximum sensitivity obtained is 2 nm/°C in the temperature range 40–70°C, whereas the minimum sensitivity is 0.13 nm/°C in the temperature range 125–200°C. The SMS fiber structure, including the gel cladding, allows high operating temperatures and high thermal sensitivities.

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“…Both companies probably used the same or different type of fiber for their internet service. The concept of propagation of light when using a different type of fiber showed in 3D Model of light propagation of single and multimode fiber is important [6]. It makes easier for users to understand and differentiate between the two type of fiber and how the propagation of light through the animations compares to the text document.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D modeling of multimode and single mode fiber

Kassim

Zaid

Idris

et al. 2019

IJEECS

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<span>This paper presents a design of 3D modeling of Multimode and Single Mode Fiber using SolidWorks. Fiber technology is essential that presents optical fiber is the fastest optical cable laid by Internet Service Providers in network communication. The current design of both fibers has less detail animation on technical specifications of light propagations and cladding. Thus, characterization difficulties occur between this two fiber optics cables. It also has less promotion in media publications such as 3D model design as guidance to users. This paper presents details on 3D modeling of multimode mode and single mode fiber specifications held in the industry market. A 3D design with SolidWorks and comparison of both fiber characteristics are presented. Based on the 3D designed model, users are analyzed on their perspective and searching information which benefits telecommunication’s company. Technical calculations like core-cladding diameter ratio in microns are animated. The propagation of light in 3D single mode and multimode fiber is simulated using SolidWorks animator that presents it real fiber conditions. Result presents 10 most country searching used of both fiber cables and the difference in users search for both cables. A number of user’s search presents 3% more of multimode than single mode fiber search cases. This research is significant in presenting an animator of single and multimode fiber to users of network infrastructure development especially network developers and Telecommunications Company which can present it lively with animator transitions.</span>

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Multimode interference in single mode‐multimode‐single mode fiber structure for steel beam compressive strain measurement

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Structures for Sensing Applications—A Review

Highly sensitive temperature sensor based on multimode‐interference fiber structure with gel cladding

3D modeling of multimode and single mode fiber

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