Multimodel agent-based simulation environment for mass-gatherings and pedestrian dynamics

Research Issues in Agent-Based Simulation for Pedestrians Evacuation

“…Pedestrians evacuation simulations have been the focus of many researches. The different papers have differed with respect to the purpose: creating evacuation plans [9], [23], [54], evaluating and optimizing evacuation plans [2], [11], [24], [30]- [32], [45], [50], [52], [55]- [65], evaluating buildings structure [1], [10], [25], [33], [33], [46], [47], [51], [59], [60], [66]- [70], allocating authority figures [4], [18], planning paths for rescuers [71], determining the factors that impact fire evacuations and model them [26], [48], and studying human behaviour during emergency [3], [27]- [29], [31], [34]- [39], [49], [51], [51], [58], [72]- [88]. Fig.…”

“…The type of emergency being simulated influences the features of the evacuation model. Fire evacuation was the focus of many studies that considered the impact of fire and/or smoke on the evacuation process [1], [3], [30]- [32], [39], [43], [49], [51], [52], [55], [57], [62], [67], [68], [71], [75], [82], [90]- [93]. Fires impact the environment as they may block exits or impact evacuees vision because of smokes [26].…”

“…. ) and different space-time related scales, have been also studied in the literature [24], [32], [41], [86], [104], [105]. However, there are a few challenges needing addressing in this regard; the modelling of cross-level interactions, heterogenous modelling coupling, and optimizing computational resources [100].…”

“…Some researchers built their simulations using commercially available simulation software such as Any-Logic [18], [30], [49], [55], [71], [85], NetLogo [1], [25], [32]- [34], [42], [48], [51], [60], [78], [83], GAMA [83], [89], [90] and Pathfinder [63], [91]. NetLogo and AnyLogic were the software most referenced in the papers surveyed, with NetLogo being used in 13.8% of the simulations and AnyLogic in 7.5%, see Fig.…”

A meshfree particle method for a vision-based macroscopic pedestrian model

“…Several models of pedestrian behavior have been proposed on different levels of description in recent years. The Individual-Based Models (or IBM) such as models based on heuristic rules [4], Newton type equations [5,6,7,8], traffic following models [9], cellular-automata [10,11], agent-based models [12,13], optimal control theory models [14], mechanical models [15,16] and vision-based models [2,17,18,19,20,21,22] have been developed. Macroscopic pedestrian flow model involving equation for density and mean velocity of the flow are derived in Refs.…”