Multimycotoxin analysis of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Garten) from Ethiopia

Chala, Alemayehu; Taye, Wondimeneh; Ayalew, Amare; Krska, Rudolf; Sulyok, Michael; Logrieco, A.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.04.018

Cited by 89 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The presence of aflatoxin B1 detected in the present study (153.72µg/kg) was generally higher than from the previous study by Chala et al, [15] on Sorghum in Ethiopia (29.5µg/kg). However, the amount of aflatoxin B1 (153.72µg/kg) in the Sorghum samples in this research was much relatively lower than the finding reported by Alpert et al, [27] which was as high as 1000µg/kg.…”

Section: Aflatoxin B1 and Total Aflatoxin Content In Sorghum Stored Fcontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…However, the amount of aflatoxin B1 (153.72µg/kg) in the Sorghum samples in this research was much relatively lower than the finding reported by Alpert et al, [27] which was as high as 1000µg/kg. The concentrations of aflatoxin G1 obtained in the present study were larger (139.64µg/kg) when compared with previous reports for Sorghum grain (29.65µg/kg) by Chala et al [15].…”

Section: Aflatoxin B1 and Total Aflatoxin Content In Sorghum Stored Fcontrasting

confidence: 69%

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Study on Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxin Levels in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Stored for Different Period and Storage System in Kewet Districts, Northern Shewa, Ethiopia

Weledesemayat¹,

Gezmu²,

Zewdu³

et al. 2016

FSN

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Sorghum serves as staple food for over 100 million people in Sub-Saharan African countries. It is the most important nutritional security crop and ranks third among major cereal crops in terms of area and production next to teff and maize in Ethiopia. However, Sorghum is susceptible to contamination by molds that produces aflatoxin that causes hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals. This study was conducted to assess Aspergillus species and aflatoxin level in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) stored under different storage system for different storage period. Thirty samples were analyzed for aflatoxin contamination using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescent detector and Aspergillus species were isolated and identified using phenotypic features in a potato dextrose agar culture media. About 56.7%, 16.7%, and 23.3% of the Sorghum samples were found to be contaminated with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus, respectively. The level of total aflatoxin, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 were in the range of 11.44 to 344.26µg/kg, 3.95 to 153.72µg/kg, 1.17 to 91.82µg/ kg, 9.87 to 139.64µg/kg, and 3.22 to 52.02µg/kg, respectively. The concentration of aflatoxin in all Sorghum samples surpassed the maximum level set by the European commission and therefore, deserves attention to control them across the Sorghum value-chain. Keywords: Aflatoxin; Aspergillus species; Sorghum; Storage Period; Storage System Citation: Weledesemayat GT, Gezmu TB, Woldegiorgis AZ, Gemede HF (2016) Kewet woreda is one of the Sorghum producing districts in the country and farmers use both underground pit and above ground storage systems. The storage system "Gotera" are made from different plants, clay, grass, ash, and cow dung. In the underground pit storage, they wash the pit with water and put the Sorghum grain until they are full, then the cover with grass, clay and flatted stone. Some farmers are using cleaning, insecticides and fumigants to prevent insect damage and adding the Sorghum grain in to the pits. The grain is stored for long periods; especially, this is the case during times of food scarcity. These storage systems are believed to protect against insect damage and theft, fire, domestic and wild animals and improve the quality of Sorghum as well. These Sorghum grains are stored under unhygienic conditions and very often spoiled by moulds and may develop mycotoxin contamination. Therefore, this particular research was endeavored to analyze the occurrence of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin content in Sorghum grain stored at different time periods and different storage system.

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Section: Aflatoxin B1 and Total Aflatoxin Content In Sorghum Stored Fcontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Aflatoxin B1 and Total Aflatoxin Content In Sorghum Stored Fcontrasting

confidence: 69%

Study on Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxin Levels in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Stored for Different Period and Storage System in Kewet Districts, Northern Shewa, Ethiopia

Weledesemayat¹,

Gezmu²,

Zewdu³

et al. 2016

FSN

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“…The present study can be compared to one done in Ethiopia that found an arithmetic mean of 1.12 ppb aflatoxin B1 in millet. However, that study reported a much higher mean level (29.5 ppb) of aflatoxin B1 in sorghum [18]. Generally, there are few surveys done in East Africa reporting on aflatoxin contamination in sorghum and millet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Aflatoxin B1 occurrence in millet, sorghum and maize from four agro-ecological zones in Kenya

Sirma¹

2016

AJFAND

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Aflatoxin-contaminated food is a public health concern. Contamination of staple foods in Kenya has in the past led to loss of human lives as well as condemnation of large quantities of food, contributing to food insecurity. This study investigated the occurrence of aflatoxins in maize, millet and sorghum from five counties in Kenya (Kwale, Isiolo, Tharaka-Nithi, Kisii and Bungoma) representing four agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Samples were collected from rural households in two phases between February and October 2014. Using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 497 maize, 205 millet and 164 sorghum samples were screened for the presence of aflatoxin B1. Overall, 76% of maize, 64% of millet and 60% of sorghum samples were positive for aflatoxin B1. Of these, the proportion of samples with aflatoxin B1 levels above the Kenya Bureau of Standards limit of five parts per billion was 26% for maize, 10% for millet and 11% for sorghum. In samples collected during the second phase, there were significant differences in the mean levels of aflatoxin contamination between the agroecological zones (p<0.05); maize from Kisii and Bungoma, representing temperate AEZ, had the lowest mean contamination, whereas millet and sorghum from Tharaka-Nithi (humid) and Isiolo (semi-arid), respectively, had the highest mean contamination. Continued exposure to aflatoxins via food in Kenya poses a threat to human health.

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“…Sorghum and millet had a much lower incidence rate, however an extreme concentration of FB was recorded in one of the millet samples (22,064 μg/kg). Lower concentrations and incidence rate in sorghum and millet from Ethiopia have previously been reported [36]. However, the reversed trend was observed by Ayalew et al [37], who recorded higher levels of FB (range: 1370–2117 μg/kg) in sorghum samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereal Crops and Processed Products (Ogi) from Nigeria

Chilaka

Boevre

Atanda

et al. 2016

Toxins

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In Nigeria, maize, sorghum, and millet are very important cash crops. They are consumed on a daily basis in different processed forms in diverse cultural backgrounds. These crops are prone to fungi infestation, and subsequently may be contaminated with mycotoxins. A total of 363 samples comprising of maize (136), sorghum (110), millet (87), and ogi (30) were collected from randomly selected markets in four agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Samples were assessed for Fusarium mycotoxins contamination using a multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Subsequently, some selected samples were analysed for the occurrence of hidden fumonisins. Overall, 64% of the samples were contaminated with at least one toxin, at the rate of 77%, 44%, 59%, and 97% for maize, sorghum, millet, and ogi, respectively. Fumonisins were the most dominant, especially in maize and ogi, occurring at the rate of 65% and 93% with mean values of 935 and 1128 μg/kg, respectively. The prevalence of diacetoxyscirpenol was observed in maize (13%), sorghum (18%), and millet (29%), irrespective of the agro-ecological zone. Other mycotoxins detected were deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and their metabolites, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, HT-2 toxin, and hidden fumonisins. About 43% of the samples were contaminated with more than one toxin. This study suggests that consumption of cereals and cereal-based products, ogi particularly by infants may be a source of exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins.

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Multimycotoxin analysis of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Garten) from Ethiopia

Cited by 89 publications

References 27 publications

Study on Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxin Levels in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Stored for Different Period and Storage System in Kewet Districts, Northern Shewa, Ethiopia

Study on Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxin Levels in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Stored for Different Period and Storage System in Kewet Districts, Northern Shewa, Ethiopia

Aflatoxin B1 occurrence in millet, sorghum and maize from four agro-ecological zones in Kenya

Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereal Crops and Processed Products (Ogi) from Nigeria

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