Multinuclear MRI in Drug Discovery

Abstract

The continuous development of magnetic resonance imaging broadens the range of applications to newer areas. Using MRI, we can not only visualize, but also track pharmaceutical substances and labeled cells in both in vivo and in vitro tests. 1H is widely used in the MRI method, which is determined by its high content in the human body. The potential of the MRI method makes it an excellent tool for imaging the morphology of the examined objects, and also enables registration of changes at the level of metabolism. There are several reports in the scientific publications on the use of clinical MRI for in vitro tracking. The use of multinuclear MRI has great potential for scientific research and clinical studies. Tuning MRI scanners to the Larmor frequency of a given nucleus, allows imaging without tissue background. Heavy nuclei are components of both drugs and contrast agents and molecular complexes. The implementation of hyperpolarization techniques allows for better MRI sensitivity. The aim of this review is to present the use of multinuclear MRI for investigations in drug delivery.

Transition metal complexes of cyclam with two 2,2,2-trifluoroethylphosphinate pendant arms as probes for 19F magnetic resonance imaging

“…The measurements confirmed significant shortening of the relaxation times in all studied paramagnetic complexes. A source of the T 1 shortening lies in the dipolar mechanism as the number of bonds between the metal ion and fluorine atom is too high (5) to consider a significant contact contribution and Curie relaxation can be neglected for small molecules with small magnetic moments. 30,34 The cis-O,O′-[Co(L)] species showed longitudinal relaxation times in the range 30-40 ms which is very convenient for practical utilization.…”

“…3 Also other NMR active nuclei such as 13 C, 19 F or 31 P can be detected by MRI. 4,5 Among them, 19 F is of special interest as its gyromagnetic momentum is close to that of 1 H which enables detection of 19 F NMR signals on proton MRI scanners with only small hardware and software modifications. Furthermore, fluorine is a monoisotopic element and has almost no abundance in living organisms which predisposes it for use in "hotspot" imaging.…”

Fluorinated Human Serum Albumin as Potential 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probe

“…The earlier stages’ results of the proposed construction show high perspectives for these CAs in the future [ 16 , 19 ]. Another approach is a multinuclear MRI called nonproton MRI [ 20 ]. The use of multinuclear MRI has great potential in clinics due to the absence of tissue background in most cases [ 20 ].…”

“…Another approach is a multinuclear MRI called nonproton MRI [ 20 ]. The use of multinuclear MRI has great potential in clinics due to the absence of tissue background in most cases [ 20 ]. Magnetically abundant nuclei such as 19 F and 31 P are the most popular for drug delivery and metabolism studies [ 20 , 21 ].…”

“…The use of multinuclear MRI has great potential in clinics due to the absence of tissue background in most cases [ 20 ]. Magnetically abundant nuclei such as 19 F and 31 P are the most popular for drug delivery and metabolism studies [ 20 , 21 ]. The 19 F consists of 100% naturally occurring fluorine.…”