Multinucleate giant enterocytes in small intestinal villi after irradiation

Carr, K. E.; Hamlet, R.; Nias, A. H. W.; Watt, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1981.tb01292.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, the radiation-induced changes in the epithelium we observed in the Gut Chip, ranging from villus blunting to distortion of the tips of the villi to their complete villus, are consistent with clinical findings in patients and animals exposed to ionizing radiation 37 , 61 . A similar level of damage to apical microvilli at the apical epithelial cell surface also has been reported in both human and mouse irradiated tissues 36 , 62 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip

et al. 2018

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Studies on human intestinal injury induced by acute exposure to γ-radiation commonly rely on use of animal models because culture systems do not faithfully mimic human intestinal physiology. Here we used a human Gut-on-a-Chip (Gut Chip) microfluidic device lined by human intestinal epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells to model radiation injury and assess the efficacy of radiation countermeasure drugs in vitro. Exposure of the Gut Chip to γ-radiation resulted in increased generation of reactive oxygen species, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation, as well as villus blunting, disruption of tight junctions, and compromise of intestinal barrier integrity. In contrast, pre-treatment with a potential prophylactic radiation countermeasure drug, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), significantly suppressed all of these injury responses. Thus, the human Gut Chip may serve as an in vitro platform for studying radiation-induced cell death and associate gastrointestinal acute syndrome, in addition to screening of novel radio-protective medical countermeasure drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip

et al. 2018

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“…Vacuolation and blebbing of differentiated epithelial cells, which was seen at both early and late times after irradiation, might be akin to the changes observed in the differentiated epithelial cells of the intestinal villus (Carr et al, 1981) within a few days of irradiation. Such changes do not persist in the villus, which, unlike the epithelium of the choroid plexus, has a rapid cell renewal system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Radiation Induced Damage in the Choroid Plexus of the Rat Brain: A Histological Evaluation

Calvo

Hopewell

Reinhold

et al. 1986

Neuropathology Appl Neurobio

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Early and late histological changes have been investigated in the choroid plexus after the local irradiation of the brain of rats with single doses of 17 X 5-25 Gy of X-rays. Changes were seen in epithelial cells within 1 week of irradiation. This was characterized by vacuolation, blebbing and partial lysis of the cytoplasm. Oedema in the underlying connective tissue was also seen after 1 week. A marked reduction in the number of endothelial cells, lining the walls of blood vessels, was found after 12 weeks; the severity was dose related and increased with time after irradiation. Slight atrophy of the epithelium was seen after 12 weeks. The reduction in endothelial cell number was associated with an attempt at regeneration as indicated by endothelial nuclear enlargement, nuclear pairs or groups and by the appearance of mitotic figures. Evidence or epithelial regeneration was not seen until week 26. Interstitial fibrosis was seen from 26 weeks after irradiation with the severity being both dose and time related. These late fibrotic changes were associated with basal membrane thickening, degenerative changes in the tunica media of arterioles and the appearance of thrombi. These changes are compared and contrasted with those seen in other normal tissues after irradiation and are discussed in terms of their relevance to the development of late radiation damage to the central nervous system.

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“…The most common were giant cells seen as outgrowths on the villi and described in detail elsewhere (Carr et al, 1981). There were slight differences between the effects of the two types of radiation, not as marked as those seen in earlier air dried material (Carr et al, 1975;Hamlet et al, 1976) but nevertheless worthy of comment.…”

Section: Figs 1-5mentioning

confidence: 91%

Scanning electron microscopy, autolysis, and irradiation as techniques for studying small intestinal morphology

Carr

Hamlet

Watt

1981

Journal of Microscopy

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SUMMARY Examination of autolysed control mouse small intestine using scanning electron microscopy has revealed details of the connective tissue components of the mucosa. The cores of the villi are seen collapsed across the intervillous basin. Crypts of Lieberkuhn are seen as tubular channels stretching down from the intervillous basin. Sometimes the crypts are split in two by a connective tissue septum. The mouths of the crypts of Lieberkuhn are, in general, arranged in double rows between the single rows of villi. The ratio of number of crypts to numbers of villi was calculated as 5.01:1. This is close to the figure of 4.53:1, as quoted by Smith & Jarvis (1980) who used differential interference contrast microscopy to investigate the crypt to villus ratio. After radiation, the severe drop in the number of crypt mouths can be clearly seen by the combination of autolysis and scanning electron microscopy: the rows of crypt mouths between the villi have been lost, and many crypt mouths have been occluded by stromal tissue. The arrangement of the crypt mouths and the observation of mucosal abnormalities after irradiation have led to the postulation that cells leaving the crypt mouths move in a spiral manner towards and then up the villous surface: this postulated movement might imply an asymmetry in some properties of enterocytes. The use of scanning electron microscopy in conjugation with autolysis and irradiation has thus forced a critical re‐examination of the relationships between crypts and villi.

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Multinucleate giant enterocytes in small intestinal villi after irradiation

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip

Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip

Radiation Induced Damage in the Choroid Plexus of the Rat Brain: A Histological Evaluation

Scanning electron microscopy, autolysis, and irradiation as techniques for studying small intestinal morphology

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