Multiobjective battery storage to improve PV integration in residential distribution grids

Abstract

This paper investigates the potential of using battery energy storage systems in the public low-voltage distribution grid, to defer upgrades needed to increase the penetration of PV. A multi-objective optimization method is proposed to visualize the trade-offs between three objective functions: voltage regulation, peak power reduction and annual cost. The method is applied to a near-future scenario, based on a real residential feeder. The results provide insight into the dimensioning and the required specifications of the battery and the inverter. It is found that an inverter without batteries already achieves part of the objectives. Therefore, the added value of batteries to an inverter is discussed. Furthermore, a comparison between lithium-ion and lead-acid battery technologies is presented.

Real-time control for services provided by battery energy storage systems in a residential low voltage grid with a large amount of PV

“…The low voltage grid in Figure 1 is based upon previous work [4]. The parameters of the substation transformer, feeder cables, and connection cables are listed in TABLE 1.…”

“…Use of these profiles assumes a unity power factor and a voltage-independent power consumption in every time step. The BESS is connected to node 'A' in Figure 1, because injection at this node has the largest impact on voltage control [4]. Characterizing parameters and the equations for the BESS-model are presented by Tant et al [4].…”

“…The BESS is connected to node 'A' in Figure 1, because injection at this node has the largest impact on voltage control [4]. Characterizing parameters and the equations for the BESS-model are presented by Tant et al [4]. A Backward-Forward-Sweep algorithm [6] is used to calculate voltage profiles.…”

“…The BESS is capable of controlling active and reactive power in each of the three phases independently. A theoretically optimal BESS control strategy [4] for the overloading and voltage deviation problem provides the starting point for this work. The method presented by Tant et al [4] solves the control problem and the sizing problem simultaneously with a multiobjective optimization method.…”

“…A theoretically optimal BESS control strategy [4] for the overloading and voltage deviation problem provides the starting point for this work. The method presented by Tant et al [4] solves the control problem and the sizing problem simultaneously with a multiobjective optimization method. The results are presented as a trade-off between voltage control, peak shaving, and annual cost.…”