“…ynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs), with multiple conflicting and time-varying objectives, are ubiquitous in real-world applications [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] have achieved success on various static multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) [15], [16], [17], [18].…”