In this paper, a new fuzzy dynamic surface control approach based on a state observer is proposed for uncertain nonlinear systems with time-varying output constraints and external disturbances. An adaptive fuzzy state observer is used to estimate the states that cannot be measured in the systems. In our method, a time-varying Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) is used to ensure that the output does not violate time-varying constraints. In addition, dynamic surface control (DSC) technology is applied to overcome the problem of “explosion of complexity” in a backstepping control. Finally, the stability and signal boundedness of the system are confirmed by the Lyapunov method. The simulation results show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.