2022
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105319
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Multiparametric Material Functionality of Microtissue‐Based In Vitro Models as Alternatives to Animal Testing

Abstract: With the definition of the 3R principle by Russel and Burch in 1959, the search for an adequate substitute for animal testing has become one of the most important tasks and challenges of this time, not only from an ethical, but also from a scientific, economic, and legal point of view. Microtissue-based in vitro model systems offer a valuable approach to address this issue by accounting for the complexity of natural tissues in a simplified manner. To increase the functionality of these model systems and thus m… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(5 citation statements)
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References 233 publications
(413 reference statements)
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“…These elements may have a sizable effect on the biochemical milieu that underlies cell and tissue function. Bio-surfaces such as membranes are often used to better simulate the modeled organ/tissue ( Zhou et al, 2020a ; Sasserath et al, 2020 ; Ferreira et al, 2021 ; Silvani et al, 2021 ; Stengelin et al, 2022 ). Additionally, they are employed for monitoring significant physicochemical variables and simulating in-vivo conditions.…”
Section: Design and Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These elements may have a sizable effect on the biochemical milieu that underlies cell and tissue function. Bio-surfaces such as membranes are often used to better simulate the modeled organ/tissue ( Zhou et al, 2020a ; Sasserath et al, 2020 ; Ferreira et al, 2021 ; Silvani et al, 2021 ; Stengelin et al, 2022 ). Additionally, they are employed for monitoring significant physicochemical variables and simulating in-vivo conditions.…”
Section: Design and Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the relevant research of degenerative orthopedic diseases, hydrogel 3D scaffolds are mainly used. Hydrogels are cross-linked three-dimensional polymer networks that play an important role in tissue regeneration applications (Grundke et al, 2015;Eelkema and Pich, 2020;Stengelin et al, 2022). In recent years, there have been many studies on EVs loaded by hydrogels.…”
Section: D Scaffold-based Controlled Releasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…In recent years, there have been many studies on EVs loaded by hydrogels. Hydrogels with excellent properties can help EVs achieve slow release and targeted delivery and promote EV production when loading donor cells (Grundke et al, 2015;Eelkema and Pich, 2020;Ju et al, 2022;Stengelin et al, 2022;Looij et al, 2023). However, due to the characteristics of the disease model, the hydrogel-loaded EV release system has been studied more in the fields of skin injury, spinal cord injury and degenerative orthopedic diseases, but less in the fields of tumor and circulatory system diseases (Silva et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2021;Zhiwei et al, 2021;Fan et al, 2022;You et al, 2022).…”
Section: D Scaffold-based Controlled Releasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…[26,27] Conversely, in the case of more complex and non-speciescomparable pathologies, it is necessary to resort to more contrived solutions, like chimeric animals. [28][29][30] To add new possibilities, in Europe, the EURL-EVCAM database on alternatives to animal experimentation provides updated information regarding the available in vitro models that represent a validated alternative to animal experimentation. In this context, validated in vitro alternatives for the assessment of drug-induced hepatotoxicity are listed in Table 1.…”
Section: The Role Of Models In Preclinical Trialsmentioning
confidence: 99%