Multipath Activity Based Routing Protocol for Mobile ‎Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Cognitive radio networks improve spectrum utilization by ‎sharing licensed spectrum with cognitive radio devices. In ‎cognitive radio ad hoc networks the routing protocol is one ‎of the most challenging tasks due to the changes in ‎frequency spectrum and the interrupted connectivity ‎caused by the primary user activity. In this paper, a multi‎path activity based routing protocol for cognitive radio ‎network (MACNRP) is proposed. The protocol utilizes ‎channel availability and creates multiple node-disjoint ‎routes between the source and destination nodes. The ‎proposed protocol is compared with D2CARP and FTCRP ‎protocols. The performance evaluation is conducted ‎through mathematical analysis and using OPNET ‎simulation. The performance of the proposed protocol ‎achieves an increase in network throughput; besides it ‎decreases the probability of route failure due to node ‎mobility and primary user activity. We have found that the ‎MACNRP scheme results in 50% to 75% reduction in ‎blocking probability and 33% to 78% improvement in ‎network throughput, with a reasonable additional routing ‎overhead and average packet delay. Due to the successful ‎reduction of collision between primary users and ‎cognitive users, the MACNRP scheme results in decreasing ‎the path failure rate by 50% to 87%.‎

Performance evaluation of combining SMT‐ETX metric with POS scheme for implementing multilayer multicast mobile ad hoc network (MANET) CRN

“…The three methods are TRL (traditional RL) technique, the RL technique with average Q‐value (ARL) and an SL technique. A multi‐path routing algorithm based on activity for CRN is presented in [29]. The protocol uses the availability of channel and develops multiple node‐disconnected routes between the source and destination.…”

Techniques for extending unicast CR networks to multi‐source multi‐destination over Rayleigh fading channels

“…The put forward protocol uses a probabilistic approach to perform the channel assignment as well as path selection process by accounting for the concept of MST. In [24], a multi‐path activity based routing protocol pertaining to cognitive radio network has been put forward. The protocol makes use of channel availability to generate multiple node‐disjoint routes between the nodes of the source and the destination.…”

Classification of Routing Protocols Based on Routing Metrics in Cognitive Radio AD HOC Networks

“…In [26] Omar S Ghandour et al proposed a multipath activity based routing protocol that utilizes channel availability and create multiple paths which are node disjoint. In this protocol, between a source and destination pair, at least two node-disjoint paths are established which are free from PU activity.…”