Multipath Routing Protocol Based on Congestion Control Mechanism Implemented by Cross-Layer Design Concept for WSN

Abstract

To solve the problem of congestion which often occurs in the process of the large data transmission in largescale wireless senator networks, a multipath routing protocol based on congestion control mechanism implemented by crosslayer design concept is proposed. Realizing the multipath routing protocol on the basis of AODV protocol, congestion control mechanism with active congestion avoidance, real-time detection and alleviative congestion is implemented by applying interaction information of cross-layer design between MAC layer and Routing layer. The simulation results show that the proposed multipath routing protocol with congestion control mechanism has some advantages in packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and normalized overheads. The proposed protocol can ensure the reliability and validity of service, and save energy consumption to prolong the working lifetime of wireless sensor networks.

CL-mWSNs: Cross Layer Model-Based QoS Centric Routing Protocol for Mission-Critical Cooperative Communication in Mobile WSNs

“…The majority of the existing approaches rely on single parameter-based routing decision-making schemes, where the emphasis is placed on augmenting PHY and MAC [3], [4], [9], [12], SD functions [9], congestion avoidance at MAC [19] etc. However, very few efforts have been made to make the routing decision while considering the type of data and its priority, to ensure deadline sensitive communication [12].…”

“…On the contrary, it is a fact that inclusion of these all factors, network condition-aware routing with synchronized cross-layer information may improve BFN selection and routing decisions. With this motivation, in this research a reference model has been developed that combines the major efficacies of multiple contributions made, such as in [3], [4], [9], [12], [19], [22]. Although in [3], the authors considered only the MAC and PHY layers where throughput and link-outage probability (at MAC) were used to perform PHY switching control, they could not address other aspects, such as packet transmission rate or packet velocity of a node, which is a must for deadline-sensitive, mission-critical communication.…”

“…This model could not offer the provision of better SD. Noticeably, the aforementioned routing cross-layer models [3], [4], [9], [12], [19] have implemented a cross-layer model, but for static WSNs only. They have not addressed the exceedingly dynamic topology of a mobile WSN.…”

“…Under such conditions, development of a suitable reference model based on certain existing works referenced in [3], [4], [9], [12], [19], [22], [30] is inevitable, as it may help in assessing proposed model by applying common performance characteristics. With this motivation, a reference model, similar to the method suggested in [30], has been designed, amalgamating almost all features of or intentions referred to in [3], [4], [9], [12], [19]. Thus, the reference model [31], hereinafter re- ferred to as the "existing system", combines the efficacies of other models and implements the SD model, packet velocity etc.…”

“…They developed a cross-layer flow-based routing model that jointly augments the routing parameters for better scheduling. Peng et al [19] focused on congestion avoidance in multi-hop transmission-based WSNs and proposed a crosslayer model-based information exchange over a cross-layer design established between MAC and routing layers. Yuan et al [20] developed a multi-hop virtual multiple-input-multiple-output (VMIMO)-based cross-layer routing protocol design that augments energy efficiency, reliability and end-to-end QoS provision over WSNs.…”