Multiphase turbulence

A Kinetic-Based Model for High-Speed, Monodisperse, Fluid–Particle Flows

“…In tr(B u ), the total fluctuating energy in both phases is |u − u p | 2 +2k f , so that the parameter a controls the amount transferred to the particles. If PTKE anisotropy were accounted for in the model [19], 2k f /3I would be replaced by the PTKE Reynolds-stress tensor. The parameter a depends on the material densities, and is modeled as…”

“…( 67) can be much too large. Possible alternatives are to replace, in dilute regions, C f /τ p by C * f k 1/2 f /d p where C * f is a constant of order one, or to solve a transport equation for pseudoturbulence frequency ω pt [19,49].…”

Simulating Stirred Tank Reactor Characteristics with a Lattice Boltzmann CFD Code

“…Viscosity and density differences in additives and bulk flow or transient flow field due to rotor-stator interaction should be included in the model but increase computation time significantly. Large eddy simulations (LES) could be used instead to simulate the turbulent flow field via low-pass filtering of the Navier-Stokes equations [14]. However, in the framework of FVM, LES is computationally expensive.…”