Multiphasic Collagen Scaffolds for Engineered Tissue Interfaces

Abstract

Hard-soft tissue interfaces pose unique challenges for regeneration due to architectural, mechanical, and compositional changes between tissues, which are difficult to incorporate into tissue engineering scaffolds. Multiphasic scaffolds are needed to better mimic structural and chemical changes through the incorporation of layers with distinct properties. A particular challenge in the production of multilayered constructs is achieving cohesion between layers. Herein, a novel system is developed, which combines sequential collagen self-assembly and diffusion gradients in mineralization to produce multiphasic collagen scaffolds that have intrinsic connectivity and porosity between layers, with no need for adhesives or heat treatments. The scaffolds incorporate mineralized layers, wherein the mineralized collagen fibrils have intrafibrillar oriented mineral resembling bone, alongside unmineralized layers. The interface between mineralized and unmineralized layers is sharp and well defined, with nonmineralized fibrils inserting into the mineralized layer to create mechanical interlock and cohesion. Inspired by the complex architecture of the periodontal attachment apparatus (bone-ligamentcementum), it is demonstrated that the model system can be applied to the development of a trilayered collagen scaffold with potential for periodontal regeneration.

Biomimetic mineralized hybrid scaffolds with antimicrobial peptides

“…Generating a gradient scaffold using this system would be feasible by immersing different parts of the scaffold in the PILP mineralization solution for different periods. This would be useful to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds applied in soft-to-hard tissue interfaces, such as tendon enthuses, ligament insertions, osteochondral zones, and periodontium [ 57 ]. Moreover, the versatility of the PILP process can be further exploited as it can be used to mineralize scaffolds with alternative nanofibrillar polymers, such as cellulose and elastin like polymers [ 58 , 59 ] or collagen fibers with calcium phosphates modified with ions, such as magnesium and strontium [ [60] , [61] , [62] ], with known osteogenic potential.…”

Biomedical cell product model for preclinical studies carried out on a large laboratory animal

“…В состав композита для формирования скаффолдов также входит коллаген. Коллаген различного происхождения достаточно широко применяется в скаффолд-технологиях и хорошо зарекомендовал себя в качестве структурообразующего биополимера для формирования моно-и поликомпозитных скаффолдов [28,29]. Таким образом, используемый при формировании эквивалентов коллаген также может принимать участие в образовании структуры ЭК и мЭК.…”

Periodontal Bone-Ligament-Cementum Regeneration via Scaffolds and Stem Cells

“…Meanwhile, the bone density of the experimental group was higher than that in the control group after implanting the materials into the mandible in vivo [76]. Third, a sequential collagen self-assembly method was combined with diffusion gradients in mineral formation to yield multiphasic collagen scaffolds that had interconnectivity and macroporosity between the layers [77]. The scaffolds had mineralization in the layers, wherein the mineralized collagen fibrils had intrafibrillar and oriented minerals that resembled bone.…”