Multiphoton Absorption and Optical Limiting

Sutherland, Richard L.; McLean, Daniel G.; Kirkpatrick, Sean J.; Fleitz, Paul A.; Chandra, S.; Brant, Mark C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4056-0_6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The own definition of nonlinear optical effect had its upgrading, and nowadays is referred to as the interaction between materials and high-intense electromagnetic field brought about from high-power laser pulse changes in the input optical parameters such as frequency and swing. Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials based on the above optical response have an important application in the manipulation of optical signals in optical communication and other optical signal processes and mechanisms. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the assessment of the optical limiting properties of materials, the experimentalists can exploit a range of nonlinear optical techniques, which differ basically for the type of information they provide on the material under investigation. The list includes (i) measurements of nonlinear transmittance with a radiation probe at variable incident intensity, (ii) Z -scan technique, (iii) degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), (iv) three-wave mixing, (v) thermal lensing, (vi) two-photon fluorescence, (vii) optical Kerr gate experiment, (viii) laser calorimetry, (ix) photoacoustic measurement of nonlinear absorption, and (x) all techniques employed for the characterization of transient excited states (e.g., decay rates evaluation, pump and probe protocols, chirped pulses studies, flash photolysis, transient spectroscopy of absorption and emission).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear Optical Materials for the Smart Filtering of Optical Radiation

2016

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The control of luminous radiation has extremely important implications for modern and future technologies as well as in medicine. In this Review, we detail chemical structures and their relevant photophysical features for various groups of materials, including organic dyes such as metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines (and derivatives), other common organic materials, mixed metal complexes and clusters, fullerenes, dendrimeric nanocomposites, polymeric materials (organic and/or inorganic), inorganic semiconductors, and other nanoscopic materials, utilized or potentially useful for the realization of devices able to filter in a smart way an external radiation. The concept of smart is referred to the characteristic of those materials that are capable to filter the radiation in a dynamic way without the need of an ancillary system for the activation of the required transmission change. In particular, this Review gives emphasis to the nonlinear optical properties of photoactive materials for the function of optical power limiting. All known mechanisms of optical limiting have been analyzed and discussed for the different types of materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Optical Materials for the Smart Filtering of Optical Radiation

2016

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“…It is well-known that RSA of nanosecond pulses by PcInXs solutions is based on sequential two-photon absorption , which involves a T 1 → T 2 transition , (Figure ) . Such a model allows the fitting of nonlinear transmission data (Figure ) by the following set of differential equations which describe the dynamics of ground-state and excited-state populations during the process of multiphoton absorption (Figure ): d N S 0 d t = − σ 0 N S 0 I̵ in + σ 0 N S 1 I̵ in + N S 1 τ S 1 + N T 1 τ T 1 d N S 1 d t = σ 0 N S 0 I̵ in − σ 0 N S 1 ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium Phthalocyanines with Different Axial Ligands: A Study of the Influence of the Structure on the Photophysics and Optical Limiting Properties

et al. 2008

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The photophysical properties of four axially substituted indium phthalocyanines, namely, 2,(3)-tetra- tert-butyl-phthalocyaninato indium chloride ( 1), 2,(3)-tetra-[(3,5-di- tert-butyl)-phenyloxy]-phthalocyaninato indium bromide ( 2), 2,(3)-tetra-[(3,5-di- tert-butyl)-phenyloxy]-phthalocyaninato indium iodide ( 3), and 2,3-octa-[(2-hexyl)-ethyloxy]-phthalocyaninato indium trifluoroacetate ( 4), have been investigated, and their optical limiting properties with nanosecond light pulses were evaluated. All complexes behave as reverse saturable absorbers in the range of 400-625 nm due to a triplet-triplet excited-state transition. Excited-state absorption cross sections and triplet state lifetimes are not significantly affected by the nature of the axial ligand. On the other hand, remarkable differences in the variation of nonlinear transmittance are observed for 1- 4 due to significantly different intersystem crossing rates. Heavier axial ligands in phthalocyanines 2 and 3 produce the largest variations of nonlinear transmission (heavy-atom effect). Complex 1 in polystyrene matrix shows reversible nonlinear absorption when incident fluence does not exceed 0.025 J cm (-2).

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“…[13,20] Other figures of merit for OL performance evaluation can be also defined if the temporal response of the OL system needs to be considered as well [21]. The OL effect is directly evaluated through the main NLO experimental technique of the measurement of the optical transmittance of the OL active material with a lightprobe of monochromatic character having modulable intensity/fluence [22]. Beside the adoption of the type of representation shown in the plot of Figure 1, the OL effect can be also visualized through the profile of the optical transmission at a given wavelength of analysis (y-axis) vs. the intensity or fluence of the incident light (I in or F in on the x-axis, Figure 2) [23].…”

Section: {2}mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated macrocyclic materials with photoactivated optical absorption for the control of energy transmission delivered by pulsed radiations

Calvete

Dini

2018

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Re

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The control of the transmission of the energy transported by optical waves is of extreme importance for the realization of those advanced technologies which require high speed of operation and fast switching. Such a task can be approached through the design and preparation of materials that possess modulable optical properties. In the present review the aspect of material science behind the realization of the effect of optical limiting, OL (or optical power limiting, OPL), will be considered focusing on those materials based on conjugated metallo-macrocycles like porphyrins, phthalocyanines and derivatives. The choice of these molecular materials for OL purposes is motivated by the fact that the optical properties of such annulated systems can be finely modulated in a controlled fashion by changing the chemical structure of the complex. These changes involve the variation of the central metal, the extent of electronic conjugation of the ring, the nature and the number of peripheral ligands, and the eventual introduction of axial ligands coordinated by a central metals with a valence higher than +2. An attempt will be made to establish relationships between the structure of the macrocyclic complex and the relative OL properties taking into account the most recent developments in the field. During this analysis we will also discuss the aspect of optically passivity, i.e. the characteristic of the OL materials of undergoing fast changes of optical properties according to an internal mechanism of self-activation.

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Multiphoton Absorption and Optical Limiting

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Nonlinear Optical Materials for the Smart Filtering of Optical Radiation

Nonlinear Optical Materials for the Smart Filtering of Optical Radiation

Indium Phthalocyanines with Different Axial Ligands: A Study of the Influence of the Structure on the Photophysics and Optical Limiting Properties

Conjugated macrocyclic materials with photoactivated optical absorption for the control of energy transmission delivered by pulsed radiations

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