Multiphoton and Side-Channel Attacks in Mistrustful Quantum Cryptography

Bozzio, Mathieu; Cavaillès, Adrien; Diamanti, Eleni; Kent, Adrian; Pitalúa-García, Damián

doi:10.1103/prxquantum.2.030338

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In order to counter multi-photon attacks 53 , in which B sends and tracks multi-photon pulses to obtain information about the measurement bases of A, and guarantee privacy, A must carefully choose how to report multiple clicks to B, i.e., how to define successful measurements. For this reason, in the second step of our token schemes QT 1 and QT 2 with the photonic setups of Fig.…”

Section: For K ∈ [N]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As follows from straightforward extensions of Lemmas 1 and 12 of ref. 53 , assumption F (see Table 6) guarantees that these reporting strategies offer perfect protection against arbitrary multi-photon attacks (see Lemma 5 in Methods).…”

Section: For K ∈ [N]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption guarantees that A is perfectly protected from any sidechannel attack by B in any type of physical setup (not necessarily photonic) 53 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These issues are not specific to our implementations or to quantum token schemes: they arise quite generally in practical mistrustful quantum cryptographic schemes in which one party measures states sent by the other. The attacks they allow and defences against these (such as requiring single-photon sources and using attenuators to equalize detector efficiencies) are analysed in detail elsewhere 53 . As noted in ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 , further options, such as iterating the scheme and using the XOR of the bits generated, also merit investigation. Importantly, our analyses here take into account multi-photon attacks 53 in photonic setups, and the reporting strategies we have considered offer perfect protection against arbitrary multi-photon attacks, given our assumptions (see Fig. 3, and Lemma 5 in Methods).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests

Pitalúa-García

Kent

Lowndes

et al. 2021

Quantum Technology: Driving Commercialisation of an Enabling Science II

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Unforgeable quantum money tokens were the first invention of quantum information science, but remain technologically challenging as they require quantum memories and/or long-distance quantum communication. More recently, virtual "S-money" tokens were introduced. These are generated by quantum cryptography, do not require quantum memories or long-distance quantum communication, and yet in principle guarantee many of the security advantages of quantum money. Here, we describe implementations of S-money schemes with off-the-shelf quantum key distribution technology, and analyse security in the presence of noise, losses, and experimental imperfection. Our schemes satisfy near-instant validation without cross-checking. We show that, given standard assumptions in mistrustful quantum cryptographic implementations, unforgeability and user privacy could be guaranteed with attainable refinements of our off-the-shelf setup. We discuss the possibilities for unconditionally secure (assumption-free) implementations.

show abstract

Section: For K ∈ [N]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: For K ∈ [N]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assumption guarantees that A is perfectly protected from any sidechannel attack by B in any type of physical setup (not necessarily photonic) 53 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests

Pitalúa-García

Kent

Lowndes

et al. 2021

Quantum Technology: Driving Commercialisation of an Enabling Science II

Self Cite

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Demonstration of quantum-digital payments

Schiansky,

Kalb,

Sztatecsny

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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Digital payments have replaced physical banknotes in many aspects of our daily lives. Similarly to banknotes, they should be easy to use, unique, tamper-resistant and untraceable, but additionally withstand digital attackers and data breaches. Current technology substitutes customers’ sensitive data by randomized tokens, and secures the payment’s uniqueness with a cryptographic function, called a cryptogram. However, computationally powerful attacks violate the security of these functions. Quantum technology comes with the potential to protect even against infinite computational power. Here, we show how quantum light can secure daily digital payments by generating inherently unforgeable quantum cryptograms. We implement the scheme over an urban optical fiber link, and show its robustness to noise and loss-dependent attacks. Unlike previously proposed protocols, our solution does not depend on long-term quantum storage or trusted agents and authenticated channels. It is practical with near-term technology and may herald an era of quantum-enabled security.

show abstract

Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unforgeable quantum money tokens were the first invention of quantum information science, but remain technologically challenging as they require quantum memories and/or long-distance quantum communication. More recently, virtual “S-money” tokens were introduced. These are generated by quantum cryptography, do not require quantum memories or long-distance quantum communication, and yet in principle guarantee many of the security advantages of quantum money. Here, we describe implementations of S-money schemes with off-the-shelf quantum key distribution technology, and analyse security in the presence of noise, losses, and experimental imperfection. Our schemes satisfy near-instant validation without cross-checking. We show that, given standard assumptions in mistrustful quantum cryptographic implementations, unforgeability and user privacy could be guaranteed with attainable refinements of our off-the-shelf setup. We discuss the possibilities for unconditionally secure (assumption-free) implementations.

show abstract

Multiphoton and Side-Channel Attacks in Mistrustful Quantum Cryptography

Cited by 11 publications

References 86 publications

Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests

Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests

Demonstration of quantum-digital payments

Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests

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