“…In addition, previous scholarly studies have also identified social capital as a potential mediating variable between news media and civic engagement (Collins, Neal, & Neal, 2014;Zhong, 2014). To summarize, a critical review of previous studies identified a significant relationship between news media use and civic engagement (Campbell & Kwak, 2010;Cheng, Liang, & Leung, 2015;Hao et al, 2014;Kim, 2007;Molyneux, 2017;Mushtaq & Baig, 2015). It is evident from previous scholarly studies that a significant relationship exists between news media and social capital, and social capital and civic engagement (Jalalani & Shah, 2019;Liu et al, 2014;Putnam, 2000;Warren, Sulaiman, & Jaafar, 2014).…”