Multiplayer Game Backends: A Comparison of Commodity Cloud-Based Approaches

Abstract

The development of resource-intensive complex distributed systems such as the backend side of Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) has shifted towards cloud-based approaches in recent years. Despite this shift, researchers and developers have mostly utilized proprietary clouds to provide services for such applications -thus leaving the area of commodity clouds largely unexplored. The use of proprietary clouds is almost always applied at the Infrastructure-as-a-Service layer, thereby enforcing restrictions on the development of MMOGs. In a previous work we focused on the characteristics of MMOGs, outlining certain factors that prohibit their deployment on commodity clouds. In this paper, we evaluate the suitability of common public cloud platforms in developing and deploying the backend side of MMOGs. In our approach, we implement a simple MMOG over three popular public cloud platforms. Then, we evaluate their performance by measuring the latency of the game over each platform as well as the maximum size of game worlds supported by each approach. Our measurements show that approaches based on the Infrastructure-as-a-Service layer perform better than those based on the Platform-as-a-Service layer -which was expected. However, our results indicate that MMOGs based on the Platform-as-a-Service layer can also perform relatively well and within the bounds of real-time latency. Coupled with accelerated development and lower maintenance costs, Platform-as-a-Service technology paves the way for further development of MMOG specific Backend-as-a-Service platforms.

Athlos: A Framework for Developing Scalable MMOG Backends on Commodity Clouds

“…Scalability and performance-In a previous work, we have demonstrated the limitations of several NoSQL data stores provided by popular public clouds such as Amazon's AWS, Google's Cloud Platform (GCP), and Microsoft's Azure [41]. Using a simplistic, tile-based game, we found that there are significant limitations on how many tiles of game state can be stored in a single object when using these data stores.…”

“…Researchers and game developers have used a plethora of methods to implement and deploy their MMOGs on the cloud. Based on the results of previous studies [12,41] and insights from studying various games, we have developed a set of models, methods, and tools with which MMOG backends can be developed for and hosted on commodity cloud platforms. In this section, we describe our approach, presenting Athlos, a framework for developing scalable MMOG backends on commodity clouds.…”

“…The large numbers of concurrent players in MMOGs mean that updating the state of all clients every time an action is made is a very costly process. In fact, our experience shows that this can be the weak point in an MMOG backend architecture [41]. For this reason, such architectures must incorporate an abstract yet customizable state-update mechanism, which they can utilize to effectively carry out this task.…”