“…This research takes a step-by-step approach by establishing a technical grasp of LoRa and LoRaWAN. While both LoRaRF technology and the open medium access control LoRaWAN protocol are at a revolutionary stage, they offer a range of unexplored dimensions that require rigorous investigation [132], [133]. Therefore, we begin our discussion by identifying LoRaWAN requirements and analysing why ML and DL can be the most appropriate solutions for making LoRaWAN smarter (Section I).…”