Multiple Adaptive Model Predictive Controllers for Frequency Regulation in Wind Farms

Abstract

Frequent and inadequate power regulation could significantly impact the main shaft mechanical load and the fatigue of wind turbines, which imposes a stringent requirement to perform frequency regulation. However, the existing work on frequency regulation mainly uses torque compensation to improve the frequency response, while few of them consider the mechanical fatigue of the main shaft caused by torque compensation of the frequency controller. In this paper, the mechanical fatigue of the main shaft can be mitigated in all of the speed sections thanks to the proposed frequency regulation controllers. Precisely, a multiple adaptive model predictive controller (MAMPC), which seamlessly integrates the multiple model predictive control (MMPC) and the real-time AutoRegressive with eXogenous inputs (ARX) model, is proposed. It nicely handles the rate of change in compensation torque to mitigate the mechanical load on the shaft in all of the speed sections. The effectiveness of our method is verified through extensive simulations. With the proposed method, the minimum frequency deviation can be reduced, and the number of fatigue cycles of the main shaft can be extended.

Type‐2 fuzzy‐based adaptively predictive controlled variable frequency transformer coordinated to SMES for improved load frequency control

“…The multiple adaptive model predictive controller (MAMPC) was suggested by the authors in [19] to lessen the mechanical wear on the main shaft caused by the torque adjustment of the frequency controller. It combines model predictive control with ARX model.…”

“…Economic APC has been proposed in [18,28] for the best frequency regulation of a large-scale, networked power system. APC-based SCESS was utilised for load frequency control in [15], and APC was applied for energy management across various storages in [19,29].…”

Robust control of wind turbines to reduce wind power fluctuation

“…g . Based on Equations ( 8), (9), and (10), the kinetic structure of WPGS can be given the form of Equation ( 12)…”

“…A multiple adaptive model predictive controller is proposed for the wind farm frequency regulation problem. The results show that this not only improves the frequency response but also reduces machine fatigue 9 . An innovative reinforcement learning‐based control method was developed for wind turbine applications.…”

“…The results show that this not only improves the frequency response but also reduces machine fatigue. 9 An innovative reinforcement learning-based control method was developed for wind turbine applications. The proposed control strategy was data-driven, adapted to real-time changes in system dynamics, and improved control performance.…”