Multiple alignment comparison of the non-structural genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco

Boukharta, Mohamed; Azlmat, Souad; Elharrak, Mehdi; Ennaji, Moulay Mustapha

doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1441-0

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Even when the antigenic drift in HA and NA is the most important mechanism for influenza virus evolution and drives the divergence of lineages, the conservation of viral fitness requires an optimal interaction between the proteins encoded by all the genomic segments (19). However, there are only a few studies in EIV that have analyzed the other genomic segments (6,10,12,20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Influenza Virus in Asia: Phylogeographic Pattern and Molecular Features Reveal Circulation of an Autochthonous Lineage

Miño

Mojsiejczuk

Guo

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes severe acute respiratory disease in horses. Currently, the strains belonging to the H3N8 subtype are divided into two clades, Florida clade 1 (FC1) and Florida clade 2 (FC2), which emerged in 2002. Both FC1 and FC2 clades were reported in Asian and Middle East countries in the last decade. In this study, we described the evolution, epidemiology, and molecular characteristic of the EIV lineages, with focus on those detected in Asia from 2007 to 2017. The full genome phylogeny showed that FC1 and FC2 constituted separate and divergent lineages, without evidence of reassortment between the clades. While FC1 evolved as a single lineage, FC2 showed a divergent event around 2004 giving rise to two well-supported and coexisting sublineages, European and Asian. Furthermore, two different spread patterns of EIV in Asian countries were identified. The FC1 outbreaks were caused by independent introductions of EIV from the Americas, with the Asian isolates genetically similar to the contemporary American lineages. On the other hand, the FC2 strains detected in Asian mainland countries conformed to an autochthonous monophyletic group with a common ancestor dated in 2006 and showed evidence of an endemic circulation in a local host. Characteristic aminoacidic signature patterns were detected in all viral proteins in both Asian-FC1 and FC2 populations. Several changes were located at the top of the HA1 protein, inside or near antigenic sites. Further studies are needed to assess the potential impact of these antigenic changes in vaccination programs. IMPORTANCE The complex and continuous antigenic evolution of equine influenza viruses (EIVs) remains a major hurdle for vaccine development and the design of effective immunization programs. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis showing the EIV evolutionary dynamics, including the spread and circulation within the Asian continent and its relationship to global EIV populations over a 10-year period. Moreover, we provide a better understanding of EIV molecular evolution in Asian countries and its consequences on the antigenicity. The study underscores the association between the global horse movement and the circulation of EIV in this region. Understanding EIV evolution is imperative in order to mitigate the risk of outbreaks affecting the horse industry and to help with the selection of the viral strains to be included in the formulation of future vaccines.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Influenza Virus in Asia: Phylogeographic Pattern and Molecular Features Reveal Circulation of an Autochthonous Lineage

Miño

Mojsiejczuk

Guo

et al. 2019

J Virol

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“…Sequencing of three H3N8 isolates from Morocco namely A/equine/Nador/1/1997, A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004 and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004 showed that A/equine/Nador/1/1997 had relatedness with European lineage while A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004 and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004 had homology with A/equine/Fontainbleu/1/1979. A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004 and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004 also showed 12 substitutions in NS1 protein when compared with the reference A/equine/Miami/1963 strain (Boukharta et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies

et al. 2018

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Among all the emerging and re-emerging animal diseases, influenza group is the prototype member associated with severe respiratory infections in wide host species. Wherein, Equine influenza (EI) is the main cause of respiratory illness in equines across globe and is caused by equine influenza A virus (EIV-A) which has impacted the equine industry internationally due to high morbidity and marginal morality. The virus transmits easily by direct contact and inhalation making its spread global and leaving only limited areas untouched. Hitherto reports confirm that this virus crosses the species barriers and found to affect canines and few other animal species (cat and camel). EIV is continuously evolving with changes at the amino acid level wreaking the control program a tedious task. Until now, no natural EI origin infections have been reported explicitly in humans. Recent advances in the diagnostics have led to efficient surveillance and rapid detection of EIV infections at the onset of outbreaks. Incessant surveillance programs will aid in opting a better control strategy for this virus by updating the circulating vaccine strains. Recurrent vaccination failures against this virus due to antigenic drift and shift have been disappointing, however better understanding of the virus pathogenesis would make it easier to design effective vaccines predominantly targeting the conserved epitopes (HA glycoprotein). Additionally, the cold adapted and canarypox vectored vaccines are proving effective in ceasing the severity of disease. Furthermore, better understanding of its genetics and molecular biology will help in estimating the rate of evolution and occurrence of pandemics in future. Here, we highlight the advances occurred in understanding the etiology, epidemiology and pathobiology of EIV and a special focus is on designing and developing effective diagnostics, vaccines and control strategies for mitigating the emerging menace by EIV.

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“…The BLAST alignment followed by phylogenetic analysis of the partial NS gene sequences showed that the isolates recovered from 2004 and 1997 were closely related and were in circulation before 1990. Interestingly, the three isolates shared the same ancestry without any genetic reassortment [224].…”

Section: Moroccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging and re-emerging viral diseases are of great public health concern. The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 in China, which causes COVID-19 disease in humans, and its current spread to several countries, leading to the first pandemic in history to be caused by a coronavirus, highlights the significance of zoonotic viral diseases. Rift Valley fever, rabies, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, and influenza viruses among many other viruses have been reported from different African countries. The paucity of information, lack of knowledge, limited resources, and climate change, coupled with cultural traditions make the African continent a hotspot for vector-borne and zoonotic viral diseases, which may spread globally. Currently, there is no information available on the status of virus diseases in Africa. This systematic review highlights the available information about viral diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, reported in Africa. The findings will help us understand the trend of emerging and re-emerging virus diseases within the African continent. The findings recommend active surveillance of viral diseases and strict implementation of One Health measures in Africa to improve human public health and reduce the possibility of potential pandemics due to zoonotic viruses.

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Multiple alignment comparison of the non-structural genes of three strains of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) isolated in Morocco

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Equine Influenza Virus in Asia: Phylogeographic Pattern and Molecular Features Reveal Circulation of an Autochthonous Lineage

Equine Influenza Virus in Asia: Phylogeographic Pattern and Molecular Features Reveal Circulation of an Autochthonous Lineage

A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies

Systematic Review of Important Viral Diseases in Africa in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept

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