Multiple Cdk1 Inhibitory Kinases Regulate the Cell Cycle during Development

Leise, Walter F.; Mueller, Paul R.

doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0743

Cited by 45 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Notably, however, expression of cdc25B was more prominent in the neural region, and more readily induced by BMP inhibition in animal caps, than those of cdc25A and C. These results are consistent with our previous results that Cdc25B contributes significantly to cell proliferation in the neural region (Ueno et al, 2008). Previous studies showed that cdk1 and cyclin B transcripts are also preferentially expressed in the neural region (Vernon and Philpott, 2003), whereas wee1 and myt1 transcripts, encoding cdk1-inhibitory kinases, are barely expressed in the same region (Leise and Mueller, 2002). Thus, transcriptional regulations of these cell-cycle regulators would also contribute to cell-cycle progression in the neural region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of Cdc25 phosphatase isoforms during early Xenopus development

Nakajo¹,

Deno²,

Ueno³

et al. 2011

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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In early animal development, cell proliferation and differentiation are tightly linked and coordinated. It is important, therefore, to know how the cell cycle is controlled during early development. Cdc25 phosphatases activate cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and thereby promote cell-cycle progression. In Xenopus laevis, three isoforms of cdc25 have been identified, viz. cdc25A, cdc25B and cdc25C. In this study, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel Xenopus Cdc25 phosphatase (named cdc25D). We investigated the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the four cdc25 isoforms during early Xenopus development, using RT-PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization. cdc25A and cdc25C were expressed both maternally and zygotically, whereas cdc25B and cdc25D were expressed zygotically. Both cdc25A and cdc25C were expressed mainly in prospective neural regions, whereas cdc25B was expressed preferentially in the central nervous system (CNS), such as the spinal cord and the brain. Interestingly, cdc25D was expressed in the epidermal ectoderm of the late-neurula embryo, and in the liver diverticulum endoderm of the mid-tailbud embryo. In agreement with the spatial expression patterns in whole embryos, inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a crucial step for neural induction, induced an upregulation of cdc25B, but a downregulation of cdc25D in animal cap assays. These results indicate that different cdc25 isoforms are differently expressed and play different roles during early Xenopus development. KEY WORDS: cell cycle, Xenopus, cdc25, cdc25D, cell proliferationIn early animal development, cell-cycle progression and exit from the cell cycle must be precisely controlled, since aberrant cell proliferation results in malformation or hyperplasia. It is important, therefore, to know how the cell cycle is controlled during development. Despite the importance of cell-cycle control in embryogenesis, however, relatively less attention has been paid to the expression patterns of cell-cycle regulators than to those of other factors that are involved in patterning and differentiation. Since amphibian Xenopus laevis is one of the most intensely investigated model animals in both developmental biology and cell-cycle control at the molecular level, this animal is highly suitable for studies on the cell-cycle control during embryogenesis.Over the last three decades, numerous studies have contributed to the understanding of the core mechanisms underlying cell-cycle control. Especially, extensive studies in yeast and mammalian cultured cells have identified many essential regulators that govern Int. J. Dev. Biol. 55: [627][628][629][630][631][632]

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of Cdc25 phosphatase isoforms during early Xenopus development

Nakajo¹,

Deno²,

Ueno³

et al. 2011

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…Myt1 activity is negatively regulated during oocyte maturation in many organisms, consistent with a role for Myt1 in inhibiting Cdk1 during meiotic G2 phase (Palmer et al 1998;Lamitina and L'Hernault 2002;Leise and Mueller 2002;Okumura et al 2002;Peter et al 2002;Inoue and Sagata 2005;Burrows et al 2006). Whether Myt1 has a role in Drosophila oocyte maturation remains unclear (Ivanovska et al 2004), however, Drosophila myt1 mutants exhibit pleiotropic cell-cycle defects during male and female gametogenesis, which suggest that dMyt1 has a role in developmentally regulated G2 phase arrest and in cell-cycle exit mechanisms that are normally coupled with terminal differentiation (Jin et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…These redundant functions are distinct from the G2 phase Wee1-regulated cell size checkpoint for which this Cdk1 inhibitory kinase was originally named (Nurse and Thuriaux 1980). Partial functional redundancies have also been inferred for other Cdk1 inhibitory kinases, although not directly demonstrated (Wilson et al 1999;Nakanishi et al 2000;Lamitina and L'Hernault 2002;Leise and Mueller 2002;Okamoto et al 2002).…”

Section: Myt1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is accomplished during most Drosophila somatic cell cycles by regulating the expression of a Cdc25-related phosphatase that releases Cdk1 from inhibitory phosphorylation at the G2/M transition O'Farrell 1989, 1990;Lehman et al 1999). Much less is known about specific developmental roles of the two types of Cdk1 inhibitory kinases, however, a question further complicated in many organisms by the presence of more than one Wee1 homolog (Wilson et al 1999;Nakanishi et al 2000;Leise and Mueller 2002;Okamoto et al 2002). To address this issue, we have undertaken a genetic analysis of the Drosophila Cdk1 inhibitory kinases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Drosophila Myt1 Is the Major Cdk1 Inhibitory Kinase for Wing Imaginal Disc Development

Jin¹,

Homola

Tiong

et al. 2008

Genetics

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Mitosis is triggered by activation of Cdk1, a cyclin-dependent kinase. Conserved checkpoint mechanisms normally inhibit Cdk1 by inhibitory phosphorylation during interphase, ensuring that DNA replication and repair is completed before cells begin mitosis. In metazoans, this regulatory mechanism is also used to coordinate cell division with critical developmental processes, such as cell invagination. Two types of Cdk1 inhibitory kinases have been found in metazoans. They differ in subcellular localization and Cdk1 target-site specificity: one (Wee1) being nuclear and the other (Myt1), membrane-associated and cytoplasmic. Drosophila has one representative of each: dMyt1 and dWee1. Although dWee1 and dMyt1 are not essential for zygotic viability, loss of both resulted in synthetic lethality, indicating that they are partially functionally redundant. Bristle defects in myt1 mutant adult flies prompted a phenotypic analysis that revealed cell-cycle defects, ectopic apoptosis, and abnormal responses to ionizing radiation in the myt1 mutant imaginal wing discs that give rise to these mechanosensory organs. Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation was also aberrant in these myt1 mutant imaginal wing discs, indicating that dMyt1 serves Cdk1 regulatory functions that are important both for normal cell-cycle progression and for coordinating mitosis with critical developmental processes.

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“…Recently, we identified Wee2, a developmentally regulated member of the Wee family of kinases (Leise and Mueller, 2002), in Xenopus. Wee2 is one of three Wee kinase family members that have been found in all vertebrates examined, the others being Wee1 and Myt1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the cell cycle is required for convergent extension of the paraxial mesoderm during Xenopus neurulation

Leise

Mueller

2004

Development

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Coordination of morphogenesis and cell proliferation is essential during development. In Xenopus, cell divisions are rapid and synchronous early in development but then slow and become spatially restricted during gastrulation and neurulation. One tissue that transiently stops dividing is the paraxial mesoderm, a dynamically mobile tissue that forms the somites and body musculature of the embryo. We have found that cessation of cell proliferation is required for the proper positioning and segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm as well as the complete elongation of the Xenopusembryo. Instrumental in this cell cycle arrest is Wee2, a Cdk inhibitory kinase that is expressed in the paraxial mesoderm from mid-gastrula stages onwards. Morpholino-mediated depletion of Wee2 increases the mitotic index of the paraxial mesoderm and this results in the failure of convergent extension and somitogenesis in this tissue. Similar defects are observed if the cell cycle is inappropriately advanced by other mechanisms. Thus, the low mitotic index of the paraxial mesoderm plays an essential function in the integrated cell movements and patterning of this tissue.

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Multiple Cdk1 Inhibitory Kinases Regulate the Cell Cycle during Development

Cited by 45 publications

References 66 publications

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of Cdc25 phosphatase isoforms during early Xenopus development

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of Cdc25 phosphatase isoforms during early Xenopus development

Drosophila Myt1 Is the Major Cdk1 Inhibitory Kinase for Wing Imaginal Disc Development

Inhibition of the cell cycle is required for convergent extension of the paraxial mesoderm during Xenopus neurulation

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