Multiple-Constraint Synthesis of Rotationally Symmetric Sparse Circular Arrays Using a Hybrid Algorithm

Wang, Ruiqi; Jiao, Yong-Chang

doi:10.2528/pierm18121002

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although the distances between the subarrays appear to be large, the length of the whole array might be not larger than the results synthesized by the other methods. In other methods, with the purpose of reducing the influences of the mutual coupling effects, they usually set the distances between the elements to be not less than 0.5 [36], [37]. Although the distances of the elements are preset long enough, for many of the actual arrays, the effects of mutual coupling remain significant, which will be shown in section III.…”

Section: A Modeling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ANN-Based Synthesis Method for Nonuniform Linear Arrays Including Mutual Coupling Effects

2020

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This paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN)-based synthesis method for nonuniform linear arrays with mutual coupling effects. The proposed method can simultaneously optimize the location distributions and excitations of the elements. As is well known, for nonuniform linear arrays, the mutual coupling effects on the active element patterns (AEPs) and passive S parameters vary with the location distribution of the elements. However, few papers have focused on how to describe the relationship between the effects of mutual coupling and the location distribution of the elements. In this paper, we use several parallel and independent ANNs to characterize the effects of mutual coupling on the AEPs and passive S parameters in nonuniform linear arrays with variable location distributions. At the same time, to relieve the curse of dimensionality, we make use of the idea of subarrays, which makes it possible for the proposed method to model nonuniform linear arrays with a large number of elements. After building accurate ANN models, we make use of the adaptive differential evolution algorithm JADE to search for the optimal location distribution and the excitations of the elements, to satisfy the requirements for the radiation pattern and the active S parameters of the antenna array. In view of the fact that the mutual coupling effects are accounted for in the synthesis process, the proposed method probably exhibits more practical value in antenna array designs than in other synthesis methods. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are confirmed based on three examples. INDEX TERMS Artificial neural networks, Mutual coupling effects, Nonuniform linear antenna arrays, Subarray.

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Section: A Modeling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ANN-Based Synthesis Method for Nonuniform Linear Arrays Including Mutual Coupling Effects

2020

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“…Multiple constraints of the TMCCAs such as the total number of elements, the array aperture, and the minimum/maximum distances between two adjacent elements are generally considered, which lead to complicated nonlinear optimization problems. Some types of sparse circular arrays with different geometries have been investigated, such as sparse concentric ring arrays [14,15], sparse planar circular arrays [16], and rotationally symmetric sparse circular arrays (RSSCAs) [17][18][19][20]. In [15], Jiang investigated the uniformly weighted concentric ring arrays with the minimum element spacing constraint, while minimized array apertures and low PSLLs have been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Time-Modulated Sparse Circular Arrays With Rotationally Symmetric Structure

Nie,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Time-modulated sparse circular array (TMSCA) with elements uniformly excited is designed and synthesized in this paper. By utilizing rotationally symmetric structure, the array geometry and the time modulation of the TMSCA is presented, and the radiation patterns in frequency domain are formulated. In order to achieve the desired radiation pattern at the operating frequency and suppress the sideband radiation, the synthesis problem is established and solved by the proposed harmony search-convex programming (HS-CP) algorithm in two dependent optimizations. Two designs are presented, and the numerical results indicate that the TMSCA with rotationally symmetric structure has the advantages of designing time-modulated sparse arrays with superior performance.

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“…The linkers of the compounds in Figure S1 and Figure S2 include the ether, alkene, and the amide moieties. Among these, the amide linker is a privileged linker given its druglike properties. , The amide linker was first disclosed by Incyte and later on adopted by several other groups and companies (Figure S1 and Figure S2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the NFAT assay, the compounds had an EC 50 (half-maximal effective concentration) below 1000 nM, with 79% of the compounds having an EC 50 cutoff below 300 nM (Table ). Such data are not found in publications. − The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with an EC 50 above this cutoff are not considered potent enough to stimulate T cells to clinically relevant anticancer activity. Our most potent compound, 2 , features exceptionally high target affinity and demonstrated potency in cell-based assays with an EC 50 of 21.8 nM.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonsymmetrically Substituted 1,1′-Biphenyl-Based Small Molecule Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

Hec-Gałązka,

Tyrcha,

Barczyński

et al. 2024

ACS Med. Chem. Lett.

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Therapeutic antibodies directed against either programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of various cancers. In contrast with antibodies, small molecules have the potential for increased tissue penetration; better pharmacology; and therefore, improved antitumor activity. A series of nonsymmetric C2 inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibition. These compounds induced PD-L1 dimerization and effectively blocked PD-L1/PD-1 interaction in a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay with most inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values in the single-digit nM range and below. Their high inhibitory potency was also demonstrated in a cell-based coculture PD-1 signaling assay where 2 exhibited an EC50 inhibitory activity of 21.8 nM, which approached that of the PD-L1 antibody durvalumab (EC50 = 0.3–1.8 nM). Structural insight into how these inhibitors interact with PD-L1 was gained by using NMR and X-ray cocrystal structure studies. These data support further preclinical evaluation of these compounds as antibody alternatives.

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Multiple-Constraint Synthesis of Rotationally Symmetric Sparse Circular Arrays Using a Hybrid Algorithm

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

An ANN-Based Synthesis Method for Nonuniform Linear Arrays Including Mutual Coupling Effects

An ANN-Based Synthesis Method for Nonuniform Linear Arrays Including Mutual Coupling Effects

Synthesis of Time-Modulated Sparse Circular Arrays With Rotationally Symmetric Structure

Nonsymmetrically Substituted 1,1′-Biphenyl-Based Small Molecule Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction

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