Multiple determination of the optical constants of thin-film coating materials

Arndt, DP; Azzam, R. M. A.; Bennett, Jean M.; Borgogno, J. P.; Carniglia, C. K.; Case, William E.; Dobrowolski, J. A.; Gibson, Ursula J.; Hart, T. Tuttle; Ho, F. C.; Hodgkin, Van A.; Klapp, William P.; Macleod, H. A.; Pelletier, E.; Purvis, Martin; Quinn, Daniel M.; Strome, Dave; Swenson, R.; Temple, Paul; Thonn, Tracy F.

doi:10.1364/ao.23.003571

Cited by 227 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The cross-sectional dimensions of the nanorods being much smaller than the wavelength, the thin film is an optical continuum that presents an equivalent refractive index n x to normally incident light whose electric field vector vibrates along the x axis, but the equivalent refractive index changes to n y when that electric field vector vibrates along the y axis. Figure 1b shows the wavelength dependences of n x and n y , obtained by fitting these two parameters to measured data on optical transmittance 25,26 . The nanorod array is thus effectively birefringent, and the weak dependence of the refractive index difference n y − n x of the chosen material (Ta 2 O 5 ) on the wavelength over the 400-700 nm range simplifies the design of achromatic waveplates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically inspired achromatic waveplates for visible light

Jen

Lakhtakia

et al. 2011

Nat Commun

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Waveplates are planar devices used in optics and optoelectronics to change the polarization state of light. made of anisotropic dielectric materials such as crystals and thin films, waveplates are not known to exhibit achromatic performance over the visible regime. Inspired by the microvillar structure of R8 cells functioning as polarization converters in the eyes of stomatopod crustaceans, we conceived, designed, fabricated and tested periodically multilayered structures comprising two different types of arrays of nanorods. morphologically analogous to the ocular cells, here we show that the periodically multilayered structures can function as achromatic waveplates over the visible regime.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically inspired achromatic waveplates for visible light

Jen

Lakhtakia

et al. 2011

Nat Commun

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“…(7) y (8) no se verificarán en los máximos y mínimos de interferencia, sino en los puntos de tangencia entre las envolventes y el espectro [4,7,9]. Ésta es una matización que numerosos autores no tienen en cuenta al hacer uso de estos métodos de caracterización [1][2][3]5,13].…”

Section: Hipótesis Y Formulaciónunclassified

“…Las propiedades ópticas de láminas delgadas dieléctricas han sido investigadas de forma intensiva durante las última décadas [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Así, se pueden encontrar trabajos que tratan tanto una posible variación monótona en el espesor de estas láminas, o la presencia de rugosidad en su superficie [3,7,9].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nuevo método de caracterización geométrica y óptica de láminas delgadas dieléctricas con rugosidad superficial

González-Leal¹,

Stuchlik²,

Morant³

et al. 2004

Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr.

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.049 -Cantoblanco (Madrid).Se ha desarrollado un nuevo método para la caracterización geométrica y óptica de láminas dieléctricas isótropas con espesor variable, depositadas sobre un substrato transparente. Este método está basado en el uso de las dos envolventes de los espectros de reflexión, obtenidos en incidencia normal, y permite determinar el espesor medio y el índice de refracción de estas láminas, con precisiones mejores que el 1 %. La formulación contempla la posibilidad de ser aplicable, no sólo en el caso de láminas cuyo espesor varíe linealmente a lo largo del área cubierta por el haz luminoso de medida, sino en aquellas que presenten un rugosidad significativa en su superficie y, en tal caso, permite determinar la amplitud de la rugosidad promedio. Así, se han preparado láminas delgadas amorfas de composición química As 40 S 60 mediante el centrifugado de una disolución de este compuesto calcogenuro en n-propilamina. La rugosidad superficial de estas láminas se ha puesto de manifiesto a partir de las medidas de la reflectancia total (especular + difusa), haciendo uso de una esfera integradora, así como a través de medidas mecánicas de espesores, usando un perfilómetro. Esta última técnica proporcionó un valor para la amplitud media de la rugosidad de 20 ± 4 nm. El acuerdo entre este valor y el calculado mediante el presente método de caracterización óptica, 17.4 ± 0.4 nm, es excelente. Palabras clave: Láminas delgadas, constantes ópticas, rugosidad superficial. New method for the geometrical and optical characterization of dielectric thin films with surface roughnessA new method for the geometrical and optical characterization of non-uniform thin isotropic dielectric films deposited onto a transparent substrate, has been developed. The algorithm is based on using the two envelopes of the optical reflection spectrum taken at normal incidence. The method allows determining the average thickness and the refractive index of the films with accuracies better than 1 %. The formulation is not only valid in the case of wedge-shaped thin films, but also for films showing a significant surface roughness. In the latter, the amplitude of the surface roughness can be estimated. Amorphous As 40 S 60 thin films have been deposited by spin coating onto glass substrates, from a solution of the bulk material in n-propylamine. Indications of the surface roughness in these films were found from total reflectance measurements (specular + diffuse), by using a integrating sphere, and also from mechanical measurements, by using a profilometer. The latter technique provided a value for the average surface roughness of 20 ± 4 nm, which is in excellent agreement with that optically determined value of 17.4 ± 0.4 nm. Keywords: Thin films, optical constants, surface roughness. IntroduccIónLas propiedades ópticas de láminas delgadas dieléctricas han sido investigadas de forma intensiva durante las última décadas [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Así, se pueden encontrar trabajos que tratan tanto una posible variación monótona en el es...

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“…1. The required indices of -1.8 and 1.6 can be realized by coating materials such as Sc 2 0 3 and LaF 3 as given by Arndt et al 5 and Pulker, 6 respectively. The twobounce net reflectance ] of -66 and 71% corresponds to an insertion loss of -2 and 1.5 dB, respectively, which is acceptable.…”

Section: Ill Error Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraint on the optical constants of a transparent film on an absorbing substrate for inversion of the ratio of complex p and s reflection coefficients at a given angle of incidence

Azzam

Habli

1987

Appl. Opt.

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Constraint on the optical constants of a transparent film on an absorbing substrate for inversion of the ratio of complex p and s reflection coefficients at a given angle of incidence," Appl. Opt. 26, 4717-4721 (1987) Constraint on the optical constants of a transparent film on an absorbing substrate for inversion of the ratio of complex p and s reflection coefficients at a given angle of incidence R. M. A. Azzam and M. A. HabliAn absorbing substrate of complex refractive index n 2 -jk 2 can be coated by a transparent thin film of refractive index n 1 and normalized thickness P so that the ratio of complex reflection coefficients for the p and s polarizations of the film-covered substrate p is the inverse of that of the film-free substrate p at a given angle of incidence p. A pair of parallel (metallic) mirrors, one uncoated and the other coated with a p-inverting layer, causes a beam displacement without change of polarization and with a certain net reflectance (insertion loss) R?. In this paper the constraint on nl,n 2 ,k 2 for p inversion (pp = 1) is represented by a family of constant -n 1 contours in the n 2 k 2 plane at4) = 45,60, and 75°. Along each solution curve, rand? are also plottedvs n2 at constant n 1 . Analysis of the effect of small errors of incidence angles, film refractive index, and thickness is presented for two specific designs using Al mirrors at 650 and 950 nm.

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Multiple determination of the optical constants of thin-film coating materials

Cited by 227 publications

References 18 publications

Biologically inspired achromatic waveplates for visible light

Biologically inspired achromatic waveplates for visible light

Nuevo método de caracterización geométrica y óptica de láminas delgadas dieléctricas con rugosidad superficial

Constraint on the optical constants of a transparent film on an absorbing substrate for inversion of the ratio of complex p and s reflection coefficients at a given angle of incidence

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