“…He supposed that in a D-dimensional search space, there is a particle population with a population size of N, the position of each particle i (i = 1,2, ..., N) in space can be expressed as xi = (xi1, xi2, ..., xiD). The velocity of particle i is expressed by vi = (vi1, vi2, ..., viD) [8,9]. When the particle i is updated to t generation, d-th (d = 1,2, ..., D) dimensional velocity in the subspace is shown in the following equation:…”