Multiple discrimination and inequality: a comparative analysis of the European Courts case law in the context of sustainable business development

Abstract

In the light of social and economic development multidimensional reality and inequality, the concept of multiple discrimination plays an important role in ensuring to achieve gender equality to stimulate employment and sustainability of business. Such situations in which a person is discriminated on several grounds emerge multiple discrimination. The multiple discrimination complexity redress gender intersectional inequality towards sustainable development and remains as a key challenge. The difficulty with the multiple and intersectional discrimination lies in the lack of awareness and consistent definition of multiple discrimination, patchy legal framework of antidiscrimination law and adequate judicial response. Therefore, one of Sustainable Development Goals encourage achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls to ensure equality and non-discrimination, women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life. This article is deemed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the multiple, intersectional discrimination based on complex inequality and discusses case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and European Court of Human Rights from a comparative perspective. Discuss the multiple discrimination interrelationship between the human and fundamental rights framework and the Sustainable Development Goals. A conclusion is made that recognition of the multiple, intersectional discrimination will be an efficient mean for further sustainable business development and combine all ground of discrimination especially in the case of complex inequality at the area of employment.

The Contribution of Data-Driven Technologies in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

“…Inequality within and between countries is a persistent problem, and while much progress has been made globally, it remains one of the most problematic challenges even for developed economies. In the EU-which has adopted numerous policies and directives prohibiting inequality and discrimination based on race or ethnic origin, gender, religious belief, age, disability, or sexual orientation-the legal framework has numerous gaps that prevent it from adequately addressing discrimination [181]. In Europe, there is increasing inequality in terms of economic performance (measured by GDP) and social cohesion (measured by income, employment rates, and opportunities) not only between metropolitan areas but also within these between affluent central and economically disadvantaged peripheral districts [182].…”