Multiple Domains in MtENOD8 Protein Including the Signal Peptide Target It to The Symbiosome

Meckfessel, Matthew H.; Blancaflor, Elison B.; Plunkett, Michael; Dong, Qunfeng; Dickstein, Rebecca

doi:10.1104/pp.111.191403

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Several proteins have been identified which possess an N-terminal signal sequence directing them to the symbiosome ( Liu et al, 2006 ; Hohnjec et al, 2009 ; Meckfessel et al, 2012 ). For example, the SS localized N-terminal region of M. truncatula nodulin 25 (MtNOD25) contains a signal peptide that can drive symbiosome targeting of heterologously expressed proteins, and this signal sequence is conserved across several other symbiosome proteins ( Hohnjec et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: The Symbiosome Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Transport processes of the legume symbiosome membrane

et al. 2014

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The symbiosome membrane (SM) is a physical barrier between the host plant and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the legume:rhizobia symbiosis, and represents a regulated interface for the movement of solutes between the symbionts that is under plant control. The primary nutrient exchange across the SM is the transport of a carbon energy source from plant to bacteroid in exchange for fixed nitrogen. At a biochemical level two channels have been implicated in movement of fixed nitrogen across the SM and a uniporter that transports monovalent dicarboxylate ions has been characterized that would transport fixed carbon. The aquaporin NOD26 may provide a channel for ammonia, but the genes encoding the other transporters have not been identified. Transport of several other solutes, including calcium and potassium, have been demonstrated in isolated symbiosomes, and genes encoding transport systems for the movement of iron, nitrate, sulfate, and zinc in nodules have been identified. However, definitively matching transport activities with these genes has proved difficult and many further transport processes are expected on the SM to facilitate the movement of nutrients between the symbionts. Recently, work detailing the SM proteome in soybean has been completed, contributing significantly to the database of known SM proteins. This represents a valuable resource for the identification of transporter protein candidates, some of which may correspond to transport processes previously described, or to novel transport systems in the symbiosis. Putative transporters identified from the proteome include homologs of transporters of sulfate, calcium, peptides, and various metal ions. Here we review current knowledge of transport processes of the SM and discuss the requirements for additional transport routes of other nutrients exchanged in the symbiosis, with a focus on transport systems identified through the soybean SM proteome.

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Section: The Symbiosome Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Transport processes of the legume symbiosome membrane

et al. 2014

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“…New Phytologist (Liu et al, 2006;Coque et al, 2008;Hohnjec et al, 2009;Van de Velde et al, 2010;Meckfessel et al, 2012). Future studies will be necessary to determine the subcellular location of the different peptides and their capacity to restore the WT phenotype.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicago truncatula DNF2 is a PI‐PLC‐XD‐containing protein required for bacteroid persistence and prevention of nodule early senescence and defense‐like reactions

et al. 2012

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Summary Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti form a symbiotic association resulting in the formation of nitrogen‐fixing nodules. Nodule cells contain large numbers of bacteroids which are differentiated, nitrogen‐fixing forms of the symbiotic bacteria. In the nodules, symbiotic plant cells home and maintain hundreds of viable bacteria. In order to better understand the molecular mechanism sustaining the phenomenon, we searched for new plant genes required for effective symbiosis. We used a combination of forward and reverse genetics approaches to identify a gene required for nitrogen fixation, and we used cell and molecular biology to characterize the mutant phenotype and to gain an insight into gene function. The symbiotic gene DNF2 encodes a putative phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C‐like protein. Nodules formed by the mutant contain a zone of infected cells reduced to a few cell layers. In this zone, bacteria do not differentiate properly into bacteroids. Furthermore, mutant nodules senesce rapidly and exhibit defense‐like reactions. This atypical phenotype amongst Fix− mutants unravels dnf2 as a new actor of bacteroid persistence inside symbiotic plant cells.

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“…A detailed study of ENOD8 localization showed that it has multiple independent determinants of symbiosome localization, including the N-terminal signal peptide (Meckfessel et al, 2012). Interestingly, in non-symbiotic cells, ENOD8 is delivered to the vacuole.…”

Section: Trafficking At the Symbiotic Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the cell wall compartment in mutualistic symbioses of plants

2014

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Plants engage in mutualistic interactions with microbes that improve their mineral nutrient supply. The most wide-spread symbiotic association is arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), in which fungi of the order Glomeromycota invade roots and colonize the cellular lumen of cortical cells. The establishment of this interaction requires a dedicated molecular-genetic program and a cellular machinery of the plant host. This program is partially shared with the root nodule symbiosis (RNS), which involves prokaryotic partners collectively referred to as rhizobia. Both, AM and RNS are endosymbioses that involve intracellular accommodation of the microbial partner in the cells of the plant host. Since plant cells are surrounded by sturdy cell walls, root penetration and cell invasion requires mechanisms to overcome this barrier while maintaining the cytoplasm of the two partners separate during development of the symbiotic association. Here, we discuss the diverse functions of the cell wall compartment in establishment and functioning of plant symbioses with the emphasis on AM and RNS, and we describe the stages of the AM association between the model organisms Petunia hybrida and Rhizophagus irregularis.

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Multiple Domains in MtENOD8 Protein Including the Signal Peptide Target It to The Symbiosome

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Transport processes of the legume symbiosome membrane

Transport processes of the legume symbiosome membrane

Medicago truncatula DNF2 is a PI‐PLC‐XD‐containing protein required for bacteroid persistence and prevention of nodule early senescence and defense‐like reactions

The role of the cell wall compartment in mutualistic symbioses of plants

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