Multiple effects of antibiotics on chloroplast and nuclear gene expression

Mulo, Paula; Pursiheimo, Saijaliisa; Hou, Can; Tyystjärvi, Taina; Aro, Eva‐Mari

doi:10.1071/fp03149

Cited by 70 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lincomycin is an antibiotic that functions as a light-independent inhibitor of chloroplast biogenesis by inhibiting plastid translation. Lincomycin does not appear to affect translation in mitochondria or the biogenesis of mitochondria (Sullivan and Gray, 1999;Mulo et al, 2003;Doyle et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plastids Are Major Regulators of Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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We previously provided evidence that plastid signaling regulates the downstream components of a light signaling network and that this signal integration coordinates chloroplast biogenesis with both the light environment and development by regulating gene expression. We tested these ideas by analyzing light-and plastid-regulated transcriptomes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that the enrichment of Gene Ontology terms in these transcriptomes is consistent with the integration of light and plastid signaling (1) down-regulating photosynthesis and inducing both repair and stress tolerance in dysfunctional chloroplasts and (2) helping coordinate processes such as growth, the circadian rhythm, and stress responses with the degree of chloroplast function. We then tested whether factors that contribute to this signal integration are also regulated by light and plastid signals by characterizing T-DNA insertion alleles of genes that are regulated by light and plastid signaling and that encode proteins that are annotated as contributing to signaling, transcription, or no known function. We found that a high proportion of these mutant alleles induce chloroplast biogenesis during deetiolation. We quantified the expression of four photosynthesis-related genes in seven of these enhanced deetiolation (end) mutants and found that photosynthesis-related gene expression is attenuated. This attenuation is particularly striking for Photosystem II subunit S expression. We conclude that the integration of light and plastid signaling regulates a number of END genes that help optimize chloroplast function and that at least some END genes affect photosynthesis-related gene expression.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S6B) is unlikely to result from lincomycin directly inhibiting mitochondrial translation (Sullivan and Gray, 1999;Mulo et al, 2003;Doyle et al, 2010). This elevated expression is likely caused by chloroplast dysfunction.…”

Section: Light Affects the Plastid-regulated Transcriptomementioning

confidence: 99%

Plastids Are Major Regulators of Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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“…Like norflurazon, lincomycin blocks chloroplast biogenesis and causes severe repression of PhANGs. Lincomycin inhibits chloroplast biogenesis by specifically inhibiting plastid translation, which is an entirely different mechanism than norflurazon (Mulo et al, 2003). Thus, the mutants obtained at the end of this process cannot be resistant to a particular inhibitor and likely have defects in signaling pathways that regulate endogenous Lhcb genes.…”

Section: Isolation Of Cry1 Mutants From a Gun Mutant Screenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastid Signals Remodel Light Signaling Networks and Are Essential for Efficient Chloroplast Biogenesis inArabidopsis

2007

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Plastid signals are among the most potent regulators of genes that encode proteins active in photosynthesis. Plastid signals help coordinate the expression of the nuclear and chloroplast genomes and the expression of genes with the functional state of the chloroplast. Here, we report the isolation of new cryptochrome1 (cry1) alleles from a screen for Arabidopsis thaliana genomes uncoupled mutants, which have defects in plastid-to-nucleus signaling. We also report genetic experiments showing that a previously unidentified plastid signal converts multiple light signaling pathways that perceive distinct qualities of light from positive to negative regulators of some but not all photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) and change the fluence rate response of PhANGs. At least part of this remodeling of light signaling networks involves converting HY5, a positive regulator of PhANGs, into a negative regulator of PhANGs. We also observed that mutants with defects in both plastid-to-nucleus and cry1 signaling exhibited severe chlorophyll deficiencies. These data show that the remodeling of light signaling networks by plastid signals is a mechanism that plants use to integrate signals describing the functional and developmental state of plastids with signals describing particular light environments when regulating PhANG expression and performing chloroplast biogenesis.

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“…Northern blotting and hybridization of the membranes with GUN5 and probe for 18S rRNA were performed according to Mulo et al (2003).…”

Section: Northern Blottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast NADPH-Thioredoxin Reductase Interacts with Photoperiodic Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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(N.S., M. Keinänen) Chloroplast NADPH-thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) belongs to the thioredoxin systems that control crucial metabolic and regulatory pathways in plants. Here, by characterization of T-DNA insertion lines of NTRC gene, we uncover a novel connection between chloroplast thiol redox regulation and the control of photoperiodic growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Transcript and metabolite profiling revealed severe developmental and metabolic defects in ntrc plants grown under a short 8-h light period. Besides reduced chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, ntrc plants showed alterations in the levels of amino acids and auxin. Furthermore, a low carbon assimilation rate of ntrc leaves was associated with enhanced transpiration and photorespiration. All of these characteristics of ntrc were less severe when plants were grown under a long 16-h photoperiod. Transcript profiling revealed that the mutant phenotypes of ntrc were accompanied by differential expression of genes involved in stomatal development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast biogenesis, and circadian clock-linked light perception systems in ntrc plants. We propose that NTRC regulates several key processes, including chlorophyll biosynthesis and the shikimate pathway, in chloroplasts. In the absence of NTRC, imbalanced metabolic activities presumably modulate the chloroplast retrograde signals, leading to altered expression of nuclear genes and, ultimately, to the formation of the pleiotrophic phenotypes in ntrc mutant plants.

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Multiple effects of antibiotics on chloroplast and nuclear gene expression

Cited by 70 publications

References 31 publications

Plastids Are Major Regulators of Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

Plastids Are Major Regulators of Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

Plastid Signals Remodel Light Signaling Networks and Are Essential for Efficient Chloroplast Biogenesis inArabidopsis

Chloroplast NADPH-Thioredoxin Reductase Interacts with Photoperiodic Development in Arabidopsis

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