Multiple energy computed tomography with monochromatic X-rays from the NSLS

Dilmanian, F.A.; Nachaliel, E.; Garrett, R. F.; Thomlinson, W.; Chapman, L. D.; Moulin, H.; Oversluizen, T.; Rarback, H.; Rivers, Mark L.; Spanne, P.; Thompson, Alison; Zeman, Herbert

doi:10.1109/nssmic.1991.259231

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The high detection sensitivity and quantitative performance of this type of imaging have been reported in angiography and lung imaging using iodine and xenon, respectively, as contrast agents. 28,29 Here, we focused on the zirconium dioxide k-edge that is close to the energy suitable for mCT imaging of rodent cortical bone 22,30 and developed ZrCA for sSRCT, which provides several advantages in bone microvascular imaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtraction micro-computed tomography of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone repair using synchrotron radiation with a novel contrast agent

Matsumoto

Goto

Sato

2013

Laboratory Investigation

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Quantitative three-dimensional (3D) imaging of angiogenesis during bone repair remains an experimental challenge. We developed a novel contrast agent containing 0.07-to 0.1-mm particles of zirconium dioxide (ZrCA) and established subtraction mCT using synchrotron radiation (sSRCT) for quantitative imaging of angiogenesis and bone repair. This method was applied to a rat model of tibial bone repair 3 days (DAY3; n ¼ 2), 5 days (DAY5; n ¼ 8), or 10 days (DAY10; n ¼ 8) after drill-hole injury. Using the same drill-hole defect model, its potential use was illustrated by comparison of bone repair between hindlimbs subjected to mechanical unloading (n ¼ 6) and normal weight bearing (n ¼ 6) for 10 days. Following vascular casting with ZrCA, the defect site was scanned with 17.9-and 18.1-keV X-rays. In the latter, image contrast between ZrCA-filled vasculature and bone was enhanced owing to the sharp absorption jump of zirconium dioxide at 18.0 keV (k-edge). The two scan data sets were reconstructed with 2.74-mm voxel resolution, registered by mutual information, and digitally subtracted to extract the contrast-enhanced vascular image. K 2 HPO 4 phantom solutions were scanned at 17.9 keV for quantitative evaluation of bone mineral. Angiogenesis had already started, but new bone formation was not found on DAY3. New bone emerged near the defect boundary on DAY5 and took the form of trabecular-like structure invaded by microvessels on DAY10. Vascular and bone volume fractions, blood vessel and bone thicknesses, and mineralization were higher on DAY10 than on DAY5. All these parameters were found to be decreased after 10 days of hindlimb unloading, indicating the possible involvement of angiogenesis in bone repair impairment caused by reduced mechanical stimuli. In conclusion, the combined technique of sSRCT and ZrCA vascular casting is suitable for quantitative 3D imaging of angiogenesis and its surrounding bone regeneration. This method will be useful for better understanding the linkage between angiogenesis and bone repair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtraction micro-computed tomography of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone repair using synchrotron radiation with a novel contrast agent

Matsumoto

Goto

Sato

2013

Laboratory Investigation

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“…The x-ray beam monochromaticity is the key issue avoiding beam-hardening effects. The nearly parallel geometry of the fan beam allows the detector to be located far behind the imaged sample to eliminate the scattered beam detection (Dilmanian, 1992;Thomlinson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a wide spectrum and a very high flux, several orders of magnitude higher than those of a conventional x-ray tube (Dilmanian et al, 1991;Lewis, 1997;Thomlinson et al, 2000). These properties make the synchrotron the most suitable source for producing monochromatic x-ray beams with a sufficient flux for medical CT imaging (Dilmanian, 1992;. An advantage of a monochromatic x-ray beam in CT is the absence of beam-hardening effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An advantage of a monochromatic x-ray beam in CT is the absence of beam-hardening effects. Synchrotron beams are nearly parallel, which allows the positioning of the detector far behind the imaged sample, thereby eliminating the detection of the scattered beam (Dilmanian, 1992;Thomlinson et al, 2000). Without the detection of scattered photons and without beamhardening effects, synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT) allows one to derive accurate quantitative attenuation coefficients maps from the CT data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Absolute contrast-agent concentration can be derived using energy subtraction (Dilmanian et al, 1991(Dilmanian et al, , 1997Dilmanian, 1992;Elleaume et al, 2000) or temporal subtraction techniques (Dilmanian et al, 1997;. Le Duc et al (2000) produced the first feasibility report of in vivo rat brain CT images using synchrotron radiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Absolute Cerebral Blood Volume and Blood Flow Measurements Based on Synchrotron Radiation Quantitative Computed Tomography

Adam

Elleaume

Duc

et al. 2003

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: Synchrotron radiation computed tomography opens new fields by using monochromatic x-ray beams. This technique allows one to measure in vivo absolute contrast-agent concentrations with high accuracy and precision, and absolute cerebral blood volume or flow can be derived from these measurements using tracer kinetic methods. The authors injected an intravenous bolus of an iodinated contrast agent in healthy rats, and acquired computed tomography images to follow the temporal evolution of the contrast material in the blood circulation. The first image acquired before iodine infusion was subtracted from the others to obtain computed tomography slices expressed in absolute iodine concentrations. Cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow maps were obtained after correction for partial volume effects. Mean cerebral blood volume and flow values (n ‫ס‬ 7) were 2.1 ± 0.38 mL/100 g and 129 ± 18 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 in the parietal cortex; and 1.92 ± 0.32 mL/100 g and 125 ± 17 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 in the caudate putamen, respectively. Synchrotron radiation computed tomography has the potential to assess these two brainperfusion parameters.

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Molecular imaging in small animals?roles for micro-CT

Ritman

2002

J. Cell. Biochem.

146

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X-ray micro-CT is currently used primarily to generate 3D images of micro-architecture (and the function that can be deduced from it) and the regional distribution of administered radiopaque indicators, within intact rodent organs or biopsies from large animals and humans. Current use of X-ray micro-CT can be extended in three ways to increase the quantitative imaging of molecular transport and accumulation within such specimens. (1) By use of heavy elements, other than the usual iodine, attached to molecules of interest or to surrogates for those molecules. The accumulation of the indicator in the physiological compartments, and the transport to and from such compartments, can be quantitated from the imaged spatial distribution of these contrast agents. (2) The high spatial resolution of conventional X-ray attenuation-based CT images can be used to improve the quantitative nature of radionuclide-based tomographic images (SPECT & PET) by providing correction for attenuation of the emitted gamma rays and the accurate delineation of physiological spaces known to selectively accumulate those indicators. Similarly, other imaging modalities which also localize functions in 2D images (such as histological sections subsequently obtained from the same specimen), can provide a synergistic combination with CT-based 3D microstructure. (3) By increasing the sensitivity and specificity of X-ray CT image contrast by use of methods such as: K-edge subtraction imaging, X-ray fluorescence imaging, imaging of the various types of scattered X-ray and the consequences of the change in the speed of X-rays through different tissues, such as refraction and phase shift. These other methods of X-ray imaging can increase contrast by more than an order of magnitude over that due to conventionally-used attenuation of X-ray. To fully exploit their potentials, much development of radiopaque indicators, scanner hardware and image reconstruction and analysis software will be needed.

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Multiple energy computed tomography with monochromatic X-rays from the NSLS

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Subtraction micro-computed tomography of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone repair using synchrotron radiation with a novel contrast agent

Subtraction micro-computed tomography of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone repair using synchrotron radiation with a novel contrast agent

Absolute Cerebral Blood Volume and Blood Flow Measurements Based on Synchrotron Radiation Quantitative Computed Tomography

Molecular imaging in small animals?roles for micro-CT

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