Multiple evolutionary lineages for the main vector of Leishmania guyanensis, Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae), in the Brazilian Amazon

Scarpassa, Vera Margarete; Cunha-Machado, Antônio Saulo; Alencar, Ronildo Baiatone

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93072-4

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…In the first four cases, the detection of these genetic lineages may be associated with microevolutionary processes due to isolation by distance and geographic barriers (e.g., Andean region) since these four species presented clusters related to the geographic locations where they were sampled (Figure 2). This pattern has been seen in studies with a wide geographic distribution of the analyzed species [16, 19, 39, 54-55] or when clear geographic barriers are assessed, such as Amazonian riverbanks [14, 56] and caves in Thailand [18]. In the present study, a remarkable case comprising specimens of Pi.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Improving theCOIDNA barcoding library for Neotropical phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae)

Posada-López

Rodrigues

Vélez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used to generate 156 new barcode sequences for sand flies from different countries of the Neotropical region, mainly Colombia, which had been identified morphologically as 43 species. The sequencing of the COI gene allowed the detection of cryptic diversity within species and correctly associated isomorphic females with males identified by morphology. The maximum intraspecific genetic distances ranged from 0 to 8.32% and 0 to 8.92% using uncorrected p distances and the K2P model, respectively. The minimum interspecific distance (nearest neighbor) for each species ranged from 1.5 to 14.14% and 1.51 to 15.7% using p and K2P distances, respectively. Three species had more than 3% maximum intraspecific distance: Psychodopygus panamensis, Micropygomyia cayennensis cayennensis, and Pintomyia evansi. They also were splitted into at least two MOTUs each, using different species delimitation algorithms. Regarding interspecific genetic distances, the species of the genera Nyssomyia and Trichophoromyia generated values lower than 3% (except Ny. ylephiletor and Ny. trapidoi). However, the maximum intraspecific distances did not exceed these values, indicating the presence of a barcode gap despite their proximity. Also, nine sand fly species were DNA barcoded for the first time: Evandromyia georgii, Lutzomyia sherlocki, Ny. ylephiletor, Ny. yuilli pajoti, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Sciopemyia preclara, Trichopygomyia triramula, Trichophoromyia howardi, and Th. velezbernali. Thus, the COI DNA barcode analysis allowed the correct delimitation of several Neotropical sand fly species from South and Central America and raised questions about the presence of cryptic species for some taxa, which should be further assessed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Improving theCOIDNA barcoding library for Neotropical phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae)

Posada-López

Rodrigues

Vélez

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Studies that aim to provide sand fly DNA barcodes in the Brazilian Amazon are scarce, despite the great diversity of species found in the region. In most cases, the sequencing of COI fragments is performed for a few species from different locations, mainly because they are related to the transmission of pathogens, such as the species Nyssomyia umbratilis [ 17 , 18 ] and Bichromomyia spp. [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the sand fly systematics and taxonomy using DNA sequences are relatively understudied, and only about a third of the nominal species has been processed for any molecular marker, and a quarter of them for the COI gene [14]. In Brazil, some efforts have been made to evaluate DNA barcodes as effective in delimiting several species of different genera [15,16], but information on Amazonian taxa is lacking, where some studies focused on a few numbers of close-related species [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from the western Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2023

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The subfamily Phlebotominae comprises important insects for public health. The use of complementary tools such as molecular taxonomy is necessary for interspecific delimitation and/or discovery of cryptic species. Here, we evaluated the DNA barcoding tool to identify different species in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. For this, we collected sand flies in forest fragments along the highway BR-317, in the municipality of Brasiléia, state of Acre, Brazil. The specimens were DNA-barcoded using a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The sequences were analyzed to generate K2P pairwise genetic distances and a Neighbour-joining tree. The sand fly barcodes were also clustered into Molecular Operation Taxonomic Units (MOTU) using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) approach. A total of 59 COI sequences comprising 22 nominal species and ten genera were generated. Of these, 11 species had not been sequenced before, thus being new COI sequences to science. Intraspecific genetic distances ranged between 0 and 4.9%, with Pintomyia serrana presenting the highest values of genetic distance, in addition to having been partitioned into three MOTUs. Regarding the distances to the nearest neighbour, all species present higher values in relation to the maximum intraspecific distance, in addition to forming well supported clusters in the neighbour-joining analysis. The DNA barcoding approach is useful for the molecular identification of sand flies from Brasiléia, state of Acre, and was efficient in detecting cryptic diversity of five species which can be confirmed in future studies using an integrative approach. We also generated new COI barcodes for Trichophoromyia auraensis, Nyssomyia shawi, and Psychodopygus paraensis, which may play a role in the transmission of Leishmania spp. in the Brazilian Amazon.

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“…It should be noted that the Uruguay River and its shores bathe other unsampled cities and flow into other smaller rivers connecting the Paraná fluvial system. There are several examples of vector populations using rivers as dispersion routes to colonize new areas, for example, Lutzomyia umbratilis associated with the Amazon and Negro rivers (Scarpassa et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability highlights the invasion route of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex, the main vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Uruguay

Cabrera

Pita

Telma³

et al. 2023

Zoonoses and Public Health

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In the Americas, the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of the parasitic protozoa Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The Lu. longipalpis species complex is currently discontinuously distributed across the Neotropical region, from Mexico to the north of Argentina and Uruguay. During its continental spreading, it must have adapted to several biomes and temperature amplitudes, when founder events should have contributed to the high genetic divergence and geographical structure currently observed, reinforcing the speciation process. The first report of Lu. longipalpis in Uruguay was in 2010, calling the attention of Public Health authorities. Five years later, the parasite Le. infantum was recorded and in 2015 the first case of VL in canids was reported. Hitherto seven human cases by VL have been reported in Uruguay. Here, we publish the first DNA sequences from the mitochondrial genes ND4 and CYTB of Lu. longipalpis collected in Uruguay, and we used these molecular markers to investigate their genetic variability and population structure. We described four new ND4 haplotypes in a total of 98 (4/98) and one CYTB in a total of 77 (1/77). As expected, we were able to establish that the Lu. longipalpis collected in two localities (i.e. Salto and Bella Unión) from the north of Uruguay are closely related to the populations from neighbouring countries. We also propose that the possible route for the vector arrival to the region may have been through vegetation and forest corridors of the Uruguay River system, as well as it may have benefited from landscape modifications generated by commercial forestation. The ecological‐scale processes shaping Lu. longipalpis populations, the identification of genetically homogeneous groups and the gene flow among them must be carefully investigated by using highly sensible molecular markers (i.e. genome wide SNPs) since it will help to the understanding of VL transmission and contribute to the planification of public policies on its control.

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Multiple evolutionary lineages for the main vector of Leishmania guyanensis, Lutzomyia umbratilis (Diptera: Psychodidae), in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 11 publications

References 84 publications

Improving theCOIDNA barcoding library for Neotropical phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae)

Improving theCOIDNA barcoding library for Neotropical phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae)

DNA barcoding of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from the western Brazilian Amazon

Genetic variability highlights the invasion route of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex, the main vector of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Uruguay

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