Multiple Facets of Melatonin in Immunity: Clinical Applications

Lardone, Patricia Judith; Álvarez-Sánchez, Nuria; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A.; Guerrero, Juan M.; Carrillo-Vico, Antonio

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-0825-9_8

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 262 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…[ 67,68 ] Fasting glucose levels due to DLAN might be explained by the reduction in melatonin secretion, since melatonin has beneficial properties for the control of blood glucose levels in both rodents and humans. [ 69 ] In pinealectomyzed rats, increased basal glycemia [ 70 ] and significantly low expression and protein content of the insulin dependent glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) was reported; [ 71 ] also increased hepatic gluconeogenesis is observed. [ 72 ] Interestingly both effects are reversed by melatonin replacement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dim Light at Night Promotes Circadian Disruption in Female Rats, at the Metabolic, Reproductive, and Behavioral Level

et al. 2023

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Inhabitants of urban areas are constantly exposed to light at night, which is an important environmental factor leading to circadian disruption. Streetlights filtering light through the windows and night dim light lamps are common sources of dim light at night (DLAN). The female population is susceptible to circadian disruption. The present study is aimed to determine the impact of DLAN on female Wistar rats circadian rhythms, metabolism, reproductive physiology, and behavior. After 5 weeks of DLAN exposure daily, oscillations in activity and body temperature of female rats are abolished. DLAN also decreases nocturnal food ingestion, which results in a diminishment in total food consumption. These alterations in the temporal organization of the body are associated with a significant decrease in melatonin plasmatic levels, reproductive disruptions, decreased exploration times, and marked anhedonia. This study highlights the importance of avoiding exposure to light at night, even at low intensities, to maintain the circadian organization of physiology, and denotes the great necessity of increasing the studies in females since the sexual dimorphism within the effects of desynchronizing protocols has been poorly studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dim Light at Night Promotes Circadian Disruption in Female Rats, at the Metabolic, Reproductive, and Behavioral Level

et al. 2023

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“…At present, there is no specific PNEI therapy for the autoimmune disease, since no clinical study has been carried out to explore the efficacy of a neuroimmune regimen to control their clinical progression, and in particular the possible therapeutic role of MLT still remains controversial, because of its potential immune-stimulatory action, even though it namely involves the cellular immunity rather than the humoral immunity, which represents the immune response most involved in the autoimmune diseases, since they are mainly due to an abnormal auto-antibody production. In any case, at present MLT has appeared to induce some therapeutic benefits in the treatment of bowel inflammatory diseases and some forms of systemic lupus erythematosous, whereas both improvement or worsening have been reported in MLT therapy of rheumatoid arthritis [29]. However, according to previous data concerning the pathogenesis of the autoimmune diseases, they could achieve some benefits from cannabinoid therapy, because of the inhibitory effects of cannabinoid agonists on IL-17 secretion, whose enhanced production plays a fundamental role in the induction of autoimmune diseaserelated inflammatory response [7].…”

Section: Neuroimmunotherapy Of Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, from a neuroendocrine point of view, the autoimmune diseases would mainly depend on a hypo-activity of brain cannabinergic system, with a consequent possible enhanced production of IL-17, which is under a central inhibitory regulation exerted by the cannabinoid system and which plays a fundamental role in the induction of autoimmune response by activating the inflammatory response and by inhibiting T reg generation control [15]. As far as the pineal function in the autoimmunity is concerned, at present only few and controversial data are available, since both enhanced and diminished MLT secretion have been reported in association with alterations of its light/dark circadian rhythm [29]. Alterations of other endocrine and neuroendocrine circadian rhythms, namely that of cortisol, have been also observed in both metastatic cancer and autoimmune diseases [30] as a consequence of the increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which stimulate HPA-axis [1,3].…”

Section: Pnei Pathogenesis Of Cancer and Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychoneuroimmunotherapy of human immune-mediated systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases

Lissoni¹,

Messina²,

Tantarelli³

et al. 2017

molecular-oncology

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Until few years ago, the in vivo immune responses were considered to be identical to the reactions occurring in vivo, but the recent discoveries in the Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI) area have demonstrated that the immune system is under a psychoneuroendocrine regulation, which represents the biochemical mediation of the influence of emotions and consciousness states on the immune system, by allowing the possibility to modulate the immune functions by acting on their neuroendocrine control rather than directly on the immune cells. The immune responses are inhibited by the opioid system, mainly by acting on mu-opioid receptors, whereas they are stimulated by the pineal-cannabinergic system functional axis. The metastatic cancer is characterized by low blood concentrations of IL-2 and IL-12, in association with abnormally high levels of TGF-beta, IL-10 and IL-6, with a following decline in TH-1 lymphocytes and an increase in T regulatory (T reg) cell count. The autoimmune diseases are characterized also by enhanced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-17, in association with low values of TGF-beta and IL-10 as the consequence of a decline in T reg cell count. Cancer progression is associated with a progressive decline in the endocrine function of the pineal gland, which may release at least three molecules provided by antitumor activity: melatonin, 5-methoxytryptamine and pinealine. The inhibitory effects of opioids on the anticancer immunity may be abrogated by the administration of the long-acting mu-opioid antagonist naltrexone. The deficiency of pineal indole hormones, which play a fundamental anticancer activity, as well that of the main antitumor cytokines, including IL-2 and IL-12, may be simply corrected by their exogenous administration. Finally, IL-17-induced immunoinflammatory response occurring in the autoimmune diseases may be counteracted by cannabinoid agonists, which may inhibit IL-17 secretion. The pineal hormones also may contribute to inhibit the chronic inflammatory response.

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Multiple Facets of Melatonin in Immunity: Clinical Applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 262 publications

Dim Light at Night Promotes Circadian Disruption in Female Rats, at the Metabolic, Reproductive, and Behavioral Level

Dim Light at Night Promotes Circadian Disruption in Female Rats, at the Metabolic, Reproductive, and Behavioral Level

The psychoneuroimmunotherapy of human immune-mediated systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases

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