The industry that prides itself on its ambition and inventiveness, surprisingly, is one of the most hazardous when it comes to occupational health and safety (OHS). This study explores the important OHS topics under the existing physical, chemical, biological, and psychological hazard groups that play a prominent role in this domain. Emphasizing the importance of OHS standards, the investigation reiterates that they are the main drivers for minimizing accidents, injuries and fatalities within the construction sector. As such, it exposes an essentially difficult terrain that is ridden by inadequate training, lack of safety culture, financial problem, and project constraints. Importantly, though, the study underlines the rich character of OHS enforcement in the construction sector, safety culture which is underestimated turns out to be a deciding factor for the industry, through worker’s awareness, compliance, and removal of obstacles to OHS. The evaluation of the safety measures stresses the fact that improvement and identifying any gaps in a safety strategy is on-going. The global optimistic practices being the bedrock upon which the study is based, provides the basis for future research, policies, and practical strategies leading to a safer, healthier, and more productive construction industry.