Multiple fractional erbium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser sessions for upper facial rejuvenation: clinical and histological implications and expectations

Abstract

Multiple sessions are effective in rejuvenation of the aging face with high safety, short downtime, and no adverse effects. They stimulated formation of new collagen (type I, III, and VII) up to 6 months after treatment with better improvement in skin texture and fine wrinkles. The variable number of fractional Er:YAG laser sessions (3-5) showed no significant difference as regards efficacy.

Assessment Tools for Facial Rejuvenation Treatment: A Review

“…Calabaro et al reported that the WSRS is a valid instrument with a good intra-and interobserver agreement, but no statistical analysis has been used in this study. Furthermore, the use of a scale or questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction is very important to determine patient aspect and satisfaction degree; patient satisfaction appears as an essential item but these subjective clinical assessments lack the precision of the quantitative methods [12,21,22,26,28,42,44,46,47].…”

“…Regarding objective methods, the histological examination is the gold standard [11,12,26,[29][30][31][32] but it cannot be used routinely because of its cumbersomeness and invasiveness. Thus, these invasive procedures are time and cost-consuming as well as raise ethical concerns producing scarring of the skin.…”

“…Among them, three studies have assessed the efficacy of mesotherapy, YAG laser and radiofrequency on skin rejuvenation. Two studies have investigated the periorbital wrinkle improvement after mesotherapy [26] and YAG laser therapy [31].…”

“…Nine studies of the 34 reviewed articles were based on a histological evaluation, a highly accurate and valid microscopic analysis of the skin chemical and cellular properties [12,22,[26][27][28]. Among them, three studies have assessed the efficacy of mesotherapy, YAG laser and radiofrequency on skin rejuvenation.…”

Pathomorphological Analysis of Erbium Laser Application to Correction of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women

“…В результа-те лазерного воздействия укорачиваются межмо-лекулярные поперечные связи тройной спирали коллагена, что приводит к мгновенному сокраще-нию коллагеновых волокон, обработанная ткань при этом сжимается. Принято считать, что фото-термическая реконструкция тканей является глав-ным эффектом эрбиевого лазера [9,12]. В то же время работы, посвященные анализу механизмов структурной реорганизации тканей стенки влага-лища, индуцированных Er:YAG-лазером, все еще немногочисленны [2].…”