Multiple Fractures of Axis and Atlas-Axis Fracture Combinations

Suchomel, Petr; Hradil, Jan

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13158-5_14

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…2 Foramen transversarium residing within the pars interarticularis, precluding safe pedicle or pars screw fixation disc and all are disrupted. As surgical management of a subaxial fracture would often be recommended in such a situation, so should the rule be at C2-C3 [41]. However, nonoperative management with rigid external immobilization with a halo has been described in numerous series.…”

Section: Type II Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Gornet

Kelly

2016

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Fractures of the second cervical vertebra (C2, axis) are common in adult spine surgery. Those fractures occurring in younger adult patients are often associated with highenergy mechanism trauma, resulting in a "Hangman's Fracture." Management of these fractures is often successful with nonoperative means, though surgery may be needed in those fractures with greater displacement and injury to the C2-C3 disc. Older patients are more likely to sustain fractures of the odontoid process. The evidence supporting surgical management of these fractures is evolving, as there may be a mortality benefit to surgery. Regardless of treatment, longerterm mortality rates are high in this patient population, which should be discussed with the patient and family at the time of injury. Pediatric patients may suffer fractures of the axis, though differentiation of normal and pathologic findings is necessary and more difficult with the skeletally immature spine.

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Section: Type II Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Gornet

Kelly

2016

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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“…(14,16,18,19) Fractures of C2/C3 with displacement and angulation need either anterior or posterior surgical approaches for fixation after applying skull traction to regain alignment. (8,(10)(11)(12)(13)(20)(21)(22) The options in anterior cervical approach include anterior C2/3 discectomy with locking plate-screw fixation and fusion 10 Surgical exposure of the upper cervical spine is challenging, and for fusion and instrumentation on the upper cervical spine the prevascular extraoral retropharyngeal approach has been described as it allows direct anterior access to C2 and C3 while allowing extension to the lower cervical spine. (10,23,24) Although this approach is safe, in rare instances there may be permanent dysphagia (due to the injury to the hypoglossal nerve) may be transient dysphagia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of C2-C3 fracture subluxation by anterior cervical approach and C2-C3 trans-cortical screw placement

Agrawal¹

2018

Romanian Neurosurgery

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Abstract:Cervical spine injuries are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in trauma victims. Upper cervical spine injuries account for about 24% of acute fractures and dislocations and one third of fractures occur at the level of C2, while one half of injuries occur at the C6 or C7 levels. In contrast to this approach we used the transverse cervical, platysma splitting incision at a lower (C3-C4 disc) to expose the upper cervical spine particularly lower border of C3 (entry point for the screw).

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Multiple Fractures of Axis and Atlas-Axis Fracture Combinations

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Management of C2-C3 fracture subluxation by anterior cervical approach and C2-C3 trans-cortical screw placement

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