Multiple functions of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the positive single-stranded RNA virus life cycle

Wang, Jingming; Sun, Di; Wang, Mingshu; Cheng, Anchun; Zhu, Yiyong; Mao, Sai; Ou, Xuming; Zhao, Xinxin; Huang, Juan; Gao, Qun; Zhang, Shaqiu; Yang, Qiao; Wu, Ying; Zhu, Dekang; Jia, Renyong; Chen, Shun; Liu, Mafeng

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.989298

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…hnRNPs have been reported to undergo various posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, s-nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. These PTMs are essential for cellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and nucleic acid binding of hnRNPs, in addition to regulating viral RNA processing and virus replication (29)(30)(31). Some hnRNPs are strictly nuclear [e.g., hnRNP C and U (32)], whereas others remain associated with the mRNA as it passes through nuclear pores and therefore undergo constant nucleocytoplasmic movement (e.g., members of hnRNP A, B, E, D, I, and K group) (12).…”

Section: Structure and Function Of Hnrnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hnRNPs are considered as one of the most important RBPs family for the functions in the viral life cycle (50). Several members of the hnRNP family form functional complexes with viral RNAs and proteins (31). A study on proteome-wide scale analysis of viral RNA-host cell interaction identified 12 hnRNPs in the core vRNA interactome, which makes these proteins usual suspects in vRNA interactome analysis (51).…”

Section: The Roles Of Hnrnps In the Virus Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in viral life cycle

Bhattarai

Holčı́k²

2022

Front. Virol.

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Understanding the host-virus interactions helps to decipher the viral replication strategies and pathogenesis. Viruses have limited genetic content and rely significantly on their host cell to establish a successful infection. Viruses depend on the host for a broad spectrum of cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) throughout their life cycle. One of the major RBP families is the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) family. hnRNPs are typically localized in the nucleus, where they are forming complexes with pre-mRNAs and contribute to many aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. hnRNPs contain RNA binding motifs and frequently function as RNA chaperones involved in pre-mRNA processing, RNA splicing, and export. Many hnRNPs shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and influence cytoplasmic processes such as mRNA stability, localization, and translation. The interactions between the hnRNPs and viral components are well-known. They are critical for processing viral nucleic acids and proteins and, therefore, impact the success of the viral infection. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which hnRNPs interact with and regulate each stage of the viral life cycle, such as replication, splicing, translation, and assembly of virus progeny. In addition, we expand on the role of hnRNPs in the antiviral response and as potential targets for antiviral drug research and development.

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Section: Structure and Function Of Hnrnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Roles Of Hnrnps In the Virus Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in viral life cycle

Bhattarai

Holčı́k²

2022

Front. Virol.

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“…This indicates a complex cooperative mechanism between YTHDF proteins 41 . Other reader proteins that can identify the m 6 A motif include the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) family (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPC, and hnRNPG) 42 , 43 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs, including IGF2BP1/2/3) 44 , 45 (Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Insights into The Roles of N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) Modification and Autophagy in Human Diseases

et al. 2023

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Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation and recycling process. It is important for maintaining vital cellular function and metabolism. Abnormal autophagy activity can cause the development of various diseases. N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) methylation is the most prevalent and abundant internal modification in eukaryotes, affecting almost all aspects of RNA metabolism. The process of m 6 A modification is dynamic and adjustable. Its regulation depends on the regulation of m 6 A methyltransferases, m 6 A demethylases, and m 6 A binding proteins. m 6 A methylation and autophagy are two crucial and independent cellular events. Recent studies have shown that m 6 A modification mediates the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes, affecting autophagy regulatory networks in multiple diseases. However, the regulatory effects of m 6 A regulators on autophagy in human diseases are not adequately acknowledged. In the present review, we summarized the latest knowledge of m 6 A modification in autophagy and elucidated the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying m 6 A modification in autophagy regulatory networks. Moreover, we discuss the potentiality of m 6 A regulators serving as promising predictive biomarkers for human disease diagnosis and targets for therapy. This review will increase our understanding of the relationship between m 6 A methylation and autophagy, and provide novel insights to specifically target m 6 A modification in autophagy-associated therapeutic strategies.

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“…Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a group of host RNA-binding proteins that have been reported to promote or suppress virus replication [ 1 ]. As antiviral factors, hnRNPAB and hnRNPA2/B1 respectively interact with nucleoprotein (NP) and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus to restrict viral mRNA nuclear export, thus inhibiting viral replication [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

hnRNPA1 impedes snakehead vesiculovirus replication via competitively disrupting viral phosphoprotein-nucleoprotein interaction and degrading viral phosphoprotein

Liu

Qin

et al. 2023

Virulence

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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) plays an important role in regulating the replication of many viruses. However, it remains elusive whether and how hnRNPA1 regulates fish virus replication. In this study, the effects of twelve hnRNPs on the replication of snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) were screened. Three hnRNPs, one of which was hnRNPA1, were identified as anti-SHVV factors. Further verification showed that knockdown of hnRNPA1 promoted, while overexpression of hnRNPA1 inhibited, SHVV replication. SHVV infection reduced the expression level of hnRNPA1 and induced the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of hnRNPA1. Besides, we found that hnRNPA1 interacted with the viral phosphoprotein (P) via its glycine-rich domain, but not with the viral nucleoprotein (N) or large protein (L). The hnRNPA1-P interaction competitively disrupted the viral P-N interaction. Moreover, we found that overexpression of hnRNPA1 enhanced the polyubiquitination of the P protein and degraded it through proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. This study will help understanding the function of hnRNPA1 in the replication of single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses and providing a novel antiviral target against fish rhabdoviruses.

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Multiple functions of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the positive single-stranded RNA virus life cycle

Cited by 21 publications

References 164 publications

Diverse roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in viral life cycle

Diverse roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in viral life cycle

Novel Insights into The Roles of N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) Modification and Autophagy in Human Diseases

hnRNPA1 impedes snakehead vesiculovirus replication via competitively disrupting viral phosphoprotein-nucleoprotein interaction and degrading viral phosphoprotein

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Multiple functions of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the positive single-stranded RNA virus life cycle

Cited by 21 publications

References 164 publications

Diverse roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in viral life cycle

Diverse roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in viral life cycle

Novel Insights into The Roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) Modification and Autophagy in Human Diseases

hnRNPA1 impedes snakehead vesiculovirus replication via competitively disrupting viral phosphoprotein-nucleoprotein interaction and degrading viral phosphoprotein

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Novel Insights into The Roles of N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) Modification and Autophagy in Human Diseases