Multiple genotypes of Chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque

Cochrane, Melanie; Walker, Philip J.; Gibbs, Harry

doi:10.1099/mic.0.27781-0

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition, 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA signature sequence analysis revealed similarities of 99.3% and 99.6%, respectively, to human isolates of C. pneumoniae; similarity of more than 95% is enough to confirm the species (7). C. pneumoniae is considered to be a primarily human respiratory pathogen, although recent reports have identified koalas, frogs (2,11,12), and horses (15) as additional hosts and have detected the koala biovar in human carotid plaque specimens obtained from patients undergoing elective endarterectomy in Australia (6). The identification of C. pneumoniae infections in bandicoots provides further evidence for the expanding host range of this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Chlamydial Isolates from Western Barred Bandicoots

et al. 2007

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A range of species of Chlamydiales have previously been detected in a variety of Australian marsupials, including koalas and western barred bandicoots. Thirty-seven ocular, urogenital, or nasal swabs were obtained from 21 wild western barred bandicoots. Chlamydia culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed for cycloheximide-treated HEp-2 cells in 96-well microtiter plates. Chlamydia spp. were isolated from 11 specimens from 9 (42.8%) bandicoots. All isolates were identified as Chlamydiales by conventional PCR with 16S and 23S rRNA gene primers specific to Chlamydiales and were confirmed to be Chlamydia pneumoniae by a C. pneumoniae-specific ompA-based real-time PCR assay and 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene signature sequence analyses. The MICs of azithromycin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin for 10 C. pneumoniae isolates from these bandicoots ranged from 0.015 to 1 g/ml, 0.25 to 1 g/ml, 0.25 to 2 g/ml, and 0.25 to 0.5 g/ml, respectively. The MICs at which 90% of isolates were inhibited and the minimal bactericidal concentrations were within the ranges reported previously for human isolates of C. pneumoniae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Chlamydial Isolates from Western Barred Bandicoots

et al. 2007

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“…Respiratory infections are the most common, with seroepidemiological surveys indicating that infection is both endemic and epidemic. Asymptomatic infections are common, usually manifesting as mild upper tract infections that are self-limiting, although they may progress to more-severe upper respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis, sinusitis, and otitis) and lower respiratory tract infections (acute bronchitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and asthma, and community-acquired pneumonia) (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). The species was initially "discovered" in Finland in 1985, where it caused epidemics of pneumonia in military barracks (38), and, after its initial worldwide characterization (39)(40)(41)(42), was thought to have declined somewhat in prevalence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution to a Chronic Disease Niche Correlates with Increased Sensitivity to Tryptophan Availability for the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae

Huston

Barker

Chacko

2014

Journal of Bacteriology

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bThe chlamydiae are obligate intracellular parasites that have evolved specific interactions with their various hosts and host cell types to ensure their successful survival and consequential pathogenesis. The species Chlamydia pneumoniae is ubiquitous, with serological studies showing that most humans are infected at some stage in their lifetime. While most human infections are asymptomatic, C. pneumoniae can cause more-severe respiratory disease and pneumonia and has been linked to chronic diseases such as asthma, atherosclerosis, and even Alzheimer's disease. The widely dispersed animal-adapted C. pneumoniae strains cause an equally wide range of diseases in their hosts. It is emerging that the ability of C. pneumoniae to survive inside its target cells, including evasion of the host's immune attack mechanisms, is linked to the acquisition of key metabolites. Tryptophan and arginine are key checkpoint compounds in this host-parasite battle. Interestingly, the animal strains of C. pneumoniae have a slightly larger genome, enabling them to cope better with metabolite restrictions. It therefore appears that as the evolutionarily more ancient animal strains have evolved to infect humans, they have selectively become more "susceptible" to the levels of key metabolites, such as tryptophan. While this might initially appear to be a weakness, it allows these human C. pneumoniae strains to exquisitely sense host immune attack and respond by rapidly reverting to a persistent phase. During persistence, they reduce their metabolic levels, halting progression of their developmental cycle, waiting until the hostile external conditions have passed before they reemerge.

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“…particular in relation to Chlamydia pneumoniae (chlamydia) infection. Antibodies against chlamydia have been detected in specimens of coronary plaques and of carotid arteries, sustaining the hypothesis of its involvement [68,69]. Fagerberg et al [70] prospectively studied the association between chlamydia antibodies and cytomegalovirus with the incidence of strokes.…”

Section: Serological Markersmentioning

confidence: 82%

<![CDATA[<B>Vulnerability of atherosclerotic carotid disease</B>: <B>from laboratory to operating room - part 2</B>]]>

Albuquerque¹,

Narvaes²,

Filho³

et al. 2006

Braz. j. cardiovasc. surg.

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Multiple genotypes of Chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Chlamydial Isolates from Western Barred Bandicoots

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Chlamydial Isolates from Western Barred Bandicoots

Evolution to a Chronic Disease Niche Correlates with Increased Sensitivity to Tryptophan Availability for the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae

<![CDATA[<B>Vulnerability of atherosclerotic carotid disease</B>: <B>from laboratory to operating room - part 2</B>]]>

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