Multiple glacial refugia lead to genetic structuring and the potential for reproductive isolation in a herbaceous plant

Barnard‐Kubow, Karen B.; Debban, Catherine L.; Galloway, Laura F.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1500267

Cited by 44 publications

(131 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, the Smoky populations may have diverged from the Western populations early during re‐colonization, before the incompatibility between the Western and Eastern clades evolved. The Smoky populations contain chloroplast haplotypes that are basal in the Western lineage (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2015), suggesting a potential early divergence. Future studies could test these alternative hypotheses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, CMS in C. americanum occurred when crossing the haplotype I Smoky populations to the Eastern and the northern Appalachian populations, but not when crossing to the southern Appalachian populations. This difference likely reflects genetic divergence between northern and southern Appalachian populations (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2015). In addition, pollen sterility varied among hybrids from 20 to 87%, suggesting the existence of genetic variation within and among populations for either the mitochondrial CMS‐determining alleles or the nuclear restorers (Leppala & Savolainen, 2011; Sweigart, Mason, & Willis, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chloroplast and nuclear markers resolve three genetic clades: Western, Appalachian, and Eastern (Barnard‐Kubow, Debban, & Galloway, 2015). There is also a set of populations in the Smoky Mountains (Smoky) that switch clades between the chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Appalachian clade is highly divergent, with the remaining clades more closely related. The clades also differ in their geographic extent with the Western clade found throughout much of the species range, and the other three primarily restricted to the Appalachian Mountains (“Mountain” lineages; Figure 1a; Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2015). As a result, the Mountain lineages occupy an environmental niche distinct from that of the Western clade, with the Western clade also occupying a greater range of environments (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chloroplast‐genetic distance for each cross was calculated as the number of SNPs between previously published parental haplotypes obtained via sequencing five chloroplast markers (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2015). Nuclear‐genetic distance was calculated from previously published RAD‐seq data (Barnard‐Kubow et al., 2015). In brief, for all nine populations, DNA from six individuals was pooled, barcoded, and used for RAD‐seq library construction and sequencing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in reproductive isolation across a species range

Barnard‐Kubow

Galloway

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Reproductive isolation is often variable within species, a phenomenon that while largely ignored by speciation studies, can be leveraged to gain insight into the potential mechanisms driving the evolution of genetic incompatibilities. We used experimental greenhouse crosses to characterize patterns of reproductive isolation among three divergent genetic lineages of Campanulastrum americanum that occur in close geographic proximity in the Appalachian Mountains. Substantial, asymmetrical reproductive isolation for survival due to cytonuclear incompatibility was found among the lineages (up to 94% reduction). Moderate reductions in pollen viability, as well as cytoplasmic male sterility, were also found between some Mountain populations. We then compared these results to previously established patterns of reproductive isolation between these Mountain lineages and a fourth, widespread Western lineage to fully characterize reproductive isolation across the complete geographic and genetic range of C. americanum. Reproductive isolation for survival and pollen viability was consistent across studies, indicating the evolution of the underlying genetic incompatibilities is primarily determined by intrinsic factors. In contrast, reproductive isolation for germination was only found when crossing Mountain populations with the Western lineage, suggesting the underlying genetic incompatibility is likely influenced by environmental or demographic differences between the two lineages. Cytoplasmic male sterility was also limited in occurrence, being restricted to a handful of Mountain populations in a narrow geographic range. These findings illustrate the complexity of speciation by demonstrating multiple, independent genetic incompatibilities that lead to a mosaic of genetic divergence and reproductive isolation across a species range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in reproductive isolation across a species range

Barnard‐Kubow

Galloway

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Effects of glaciation and whole genome duplication on the distribution of the Campanula rotundifolia polyploid complex

Sutherland

Galloway

2018

American J of Botany

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Premise Of The StudyBoth intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to a species distribution. Among plants, the extrinsic effects of glaciation and intrinsic effects of whole genome duplication are powerful drivers of biogeographical patterns, but the interplay of these factors is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the roles glaciation and whole‐genome duplication have played in the evolution of the widespread polyploid complex Campanula rotundifolia.MethodsWe assessed the cytotype of 37 populations that spanned the geographic and cytotypic range of the C. rotundifolia complex. We constructed a chloroplast phylogeny for these populations and used RAD‐seq to create nuclear phylogenies and networks for a subset of 23 populations; and estimated divergence times of major clades using Bayesian estimation of substitution rates.Key ResultsCampanula rotundifolia originated in south‐central Europe and underwent range expansion throughout much of Europe and North America. Multiple genome duplications have occurred in C. rotundifolia—at least two tetraploid and three hexaploid formations.ConclusionsNuclear and chloroplast phylogenies are largely congruent with a history of populations surviving glacial maxima in known Pleistocene refugia in Europe and North America. Divergent European clades are consistent with two disjunct glacial refugia within Europe. North America was colonized by hexaploids derived from Western European lineages. A glacial refugium in Midwestern North America likely facilitated post‐glacial recolonization of North America and limited genetic divergence. These results implicate both glaciation and whole‐genome duplication as contributing factors to the extant biogeography of C. rotundifolia.

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Phylogeography of a widespread eastern North American shrub, Viburnum lantanoides

Park

Donoghue

2019

American J of Botany

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PREMISE OF THE STUDY:There have been relatively few phylogeographic studies of eastern North American plants, especially of animal-dispersed shrubby species, and this leaves a significant gap in our understanding of how such species were affected by glacial events. Here, we analyzed the phylogeography of the widespread understory shrub Viburnum lantanoides. METHODS:We generated RADseq data and paleoclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) to identify the locations of refugia where V. lantanoides may have survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and how its range expanded as glaciers receded.KEY RESULTS: Genetic diversity falls off with increasing latitude and longitude, indicating that range expansion likely occurred via serial founder events from southern source populations. Samples from the southern Appalachians form a grade, while those from the north form a clade, suggesting that a single genetic lineage recolonized the north. SDMs indicate that V. lantanoides probably survived the LGM in refugia on the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and/or the interior Gulf Coastal Plain. CONCLUSIONS:Our analyses indicate that V. lantanoides survived the LGM in refugia south of the glacier but north of the extensive refugium along the Gulf Coast. Following the LGM, a single population expanded northward along the Appalachian Mountains and eventually into eastern Canada. The patterns observed here suggest that range expansion occurred in a stepwise manner, similar to postglacial dynamics observed in a number of European plant species. APPENDIX S2. Schematic depiction of the demographic models tested in this study. APPENDIX S3. The approximate geographic range of V. lantanoides. APPENDIX S4. Global population genetic parameter estimates for V. lantanoides. APPENDIX S5. The distribution of genetic diversity at various levels of organization inferred through AMOVA. LITERATURE CITED

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Multiple glacial refugia lead to genetic structuring and the potential for reproductive isolation in a herbaceous plant

Cited by 44 publications

References 85 publications

Variation in reproductive isolation across a species range

Variation in reproductive isolation across a species range

Effects of glaciation and whole genome duplication on the distribution of the Campanula rotundifolia polyploid complex

Phylogeography of a widespread eastern North American shrub, Viburnum lantanoides

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