Multiple hit readout of a microchannel plate detector with a three-layer delay-line anode

Jagutzki, O.; Cerezo, A.; Czasch, A.; Dørner, R.; Hattass, M.; Huang, Min; Mergel, V.; Spillmann, U.; Ullmann-Pfleger, K.; Weber, Thorsten; Schmidt‐Böcking, H.; Smith, George Davey

doi:10.1109/tns.2002.803889

Cited by 361 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The flat-field regime permitted a straightforward reconstruction of the particle momenta along the time-of-flight direction. The other two components of the momenta, in the plane of the detector, were reconstructed by implementing the advanced reconstruction technique 48 . This technique, described in ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast isomerization initiated by X-ray core ionization

et al. 2015

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Rapid proton migration is a key process in hydrocarbon photochemistry. Charge migration and subsequent proton motion can mitigate radiation damage when heavier atoms absorb X-rays. If rapid enough, this can improve the fidelity of diffract-before-destroy measurements of biomolecular structure at X-ray-free electron lasers. Here we study X-ray-initiated isomerization of acetylene, a model for proton dynamics in hydrocarbons. Our time-resolved measurements capture the transient motion of protons following X-ray ionization of carbon K-shell electrons. We Coulomb-explode the molecule with a second precisely delayed X-ray pulse and then record all the fragment momenta. These snapshots at different delays are combined into a 'molecular movie' of the evolving molecule, which shows substantial proton redistribution within the first 12 fs. We conclude that significant proton motion occurs on a timescale comparable to the Auger relaxation that refills the K-shell vacancy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique, described in ref. 48, benefits from the redundancy of the ion impact information collected from the three detection layers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast isomerization initiated by X-ray core ionization

et al. 2015

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“…It is often used in conjunction with several types of coordinate encoding charge collection anodes with respective coordinate decoding electronics. Most popular anodes provide time and space information and are usually used for pulse counting in single particle and photon spectroscopy; they include two [17] and three-layer [18] delay-line anodes operating up to 1 MHz count rate for true 3D imaging with certain multi-hit abilities (G10). The delay-line method can also be used indirectly to read out PCB-based anode structures [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Demonstration of an IonCCD as an Alternative Pixelated Anode for Direct MCP Readout in a Compact MS-Based Detector

Hadjar

Fowler

Kibelka

et al. 2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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We report on the preliminary testing of a new position-sensitive detector (PSD) by combining a microchannel plate (MCP) and a charge-sensitive pixilated anode with a direct readout based on charge-coupled detector (CCD) technology, which will be referred to as IonCCD (Hadjar et al. , allowing it to be used directly behind an MC. This MCP-IonCCD configuration potentially obviates the need for electro-optical ion detector systems (EOIDs), which typically feature a relatively difficult-to-implement 5-kV power source as well as a phosphorus screen behind the MCP for conversion of electrons to photons prior to signal generation in a photosensitive CCD. Thus, the new system (MCP-IonCCD) has the potential to be smaller, simpler, more robust, and more cost efficient than EOID-based technologies in many applications. The use of the IonCCD as direct MCP readout anode, as opposed to its direct use as an ion detector, will benefit from the instant three-tofour-order-of-magnitude gain of the MCP with virtually no additional noise. The signal/noise gain can be used for either sensitivity or speed enhancement of the detector. The speed enhancement may motivate the development of faster IonCCD readout speeds (currently at 2.7 ms) to achieve the 2 kHz frame rate for which the IonCCD chip was designed, a must for transient signal applications. The presented detector exhibits clear potential not only as a trace analysis detector in scan-free mass spectrometry and electron spectroscopy but also as a compact detector for photon and particle imaging applications.

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“…The image quality does not improve for longer acquisition periods. Typical intensity values of the integrated images range between 200 and 2600 counts per pixel such that the bit depth of 2 13 is not limiting the image acquisition method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, two-layer delay-line-detectors cannot support large count rates and or do not have multi-hit capabilities for ions hitting the same spot on the detector. While the development of three-layer delay-line-detectors enables the unambiguous detection of two simultaneously arriving particles and the detection of particle showers [13], it does not lift above mentioned limitations inherent to this approach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast, high resolution mass spectrometry imaging using a medipix pixelated detector

Jungmann

MacAleese

Buijs

et al. 2010

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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In mass spectrometry imaging, spatial resolution is pushed to its limits with the use of ion microscope mass spectrometric imaging systems. An ion microscope magnifies and then projects the original spatial distribution of ions from a sample surface onto a position-sensitive detector, while retaining time-of-flight mass separation capabilities. Here, a new type of position-sensitive detector based on a chevron microchannel plate stack in combination with a 512 ϫ 512 complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor based pixel detector is coupled to an ion microscope. Spatial resolving power better than 6 m is demonstrated by secondary ion mass spectrometry and 8 -10 m spatial resolving power is achieved with laser desorption ionization. A detailed evaluation of key performance criteria such as spatial resolution, acquisition speed, and data handling is presented. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 2023-2030 © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Mass Spectrometry M ass spectrometry imaging (MSI) [1-3] measurements allow the visualization of the spatial structure and identification of the molecular masses from complex surfaces. High spatial resolution is accomplished with ion-microscope mass spectrometers, where ions are extracted from the sample surface and projected onto a position-sensitive detector. A spatial resolution better than 4 m has been reported using UV/IR laser surface probes in matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) [4 -8]. A pulsed primary ion beam as a surface probe can achieve higher spatial resolving powers (1 m) [9,10]. The spatial resolution can be further improved by using a more focused primary ion/laser desorption ionization surface probe. However, fragmentation of the surface molecules and long measurement times are undesired side effects of decreasing the surface probe area. For instance, at a 2 ϫ 2 m pixel size (4 m lateral resolution) and a sample size of 1 ϫ 1 mm, a typical measurement comprises 250,000 measurement points and can last several hours. An alternate approach to increase the spatial resolution is the use of microscope mode MSI. In the microscope mode, surface molecules are desorbed and ionized over a large sample area, typically 200 -300 m in diameter. An ion microscope employs ion optics to project the ionized surface compounds onto a position-sensitive detector while magnifying the image and retaining the spatial information defined by the sample surface. With a field of view of 200 ϫ 200 m and a sample size of 1 ϫ 1 mm, a microscope mode imaging experiment involves 25 measurement points and retains the 4 m lateral resolution given the corresponding ion optical magnification factor. The ion optical magnification allows high-resolution images to be obtained independent of the ionization source. Microscope mode MSI enables fast, highresolution large area imaging provided that an adequate, i.e., fast and position-sensitive, detector is used to record high quality molecular images [4].Position-sensitive detectors most commonly used for microsc...

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Multiple hit readout of a microchannel plate detector with a three-layer delay-line anode

Cited by 361 publications

References 25 publications

Ultrafast isomerization initiated by X-ray core ionization

Ultrafast isomerization initiated by X-ray core ionization

Preliminary Demonstration of an IonCCD as an Alternative Pixelated Anode for Direct MCP Readout in a Compact MS-Based Detector

Fast, high resolution mass spectrometry imaging using a medipix pixelated detector

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