“…This reality has encouraged scholars to conceptualise and benchmark BIM implementation models in poor countries (Olawumi and Chan, 2019;Olugboyega and Windapo, 2019), investigate BIM implementation uptake and hurdles (Ismail et al, 2017;Babatunde et al, 2020;Adekunle et al, 2020;Olanrewaju et al, 2020;Saka and Chan, 2021;Olugboyega and Windapo, 2021b) and look at BIM implementation activities and projects in emerging nations (Hamma-adama and Kouider, 2019). Furthermore, researchers have looked into measures and strategies for improving BIM implementation (Belay et al, 2021), markers for gauging a decrease in BIM implementation barriers (Olugboyega and Windapo, 2021a), determining factors for BIM implementation (Al-Mohammad et al, 2022), scientific proof for project-level BIM adoption (Olugboyega et al, 2022) and strategic planning of BIM acceptance and integration in projects (Olugboyega and Windapo, 2021c).…”