Multiple Hydrometeors All-Sky Microwave Radiance Assimilation in FV3GFS

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Motivated by the use of the GFDL microphysics scheme in the Finite-Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core Global Forecast System (FV3GFS), the all-sky radiance assimilation framework has been expanded to include precipitating hydrometeors. Adding precipitating hydrometeors allows the assimilation of precipitation-affected radiance in addition to cloudy radiance. In this upgraded all-sky framework, the five hydrometeors, including cloud liquid water, cloud ice, rain, snow, and graupel, are the new control variables, replacing the original cloud water control variable. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) was interfaced with the newly added precipitating hydrometeors. Subgrid cloud variability was considered by using the average cloud overlap scheme. Multiple scattering radiative transfer was activated in the upgraded framework. Radiance observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) over ocean were assimilated in all-sky approach. This new constructed all-sky framework shows neutral to positive impact on overall forecast skill. Improvement was found in 500-hPa geopotential height forecast in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Temperature forecast was also improved at 850 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics.</jats:p>

Recent advancements for tropical cyclone data assimilation

“…All‐sky radiance assimilation has been shown to contribute greatly to improved forecasts of dynamic quantities and precipitation beyond day 6 119 . Other operational centers, such as NCEP, 120–122 Met Office, 123 JMA, 124 and Environment and Climate Change Canada, 125 have also devoted significant efforts to expand the radiance assimilation beyond only clear‐sky conditions. Global improvements to the temperature, humidity, and wind fields from the all‐sky radiance assimilation could directly benefit TC analyses and prediction through the assimilation of the additional radiance information within the cloudy and precipitating areas.…”

Improving Global Weather Prediction in GFDL SHiELD Through an Upgraded GFDL Cloud Microphysics Scheme

“…(2020) have described key features of the GFDL MP, including thermodynamic consistency with the dynamical core, fast and stable sedimentation processes, and tight coupling between dynamics and physics. The GFDL MP is used in the operational GFS version 15 and 16 (Huang et al., 2021; Patel et al., 2021; Tong et al., 2020) and several other weather and climate models, including GFDL radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) simulations within a limited domain (Jeevanjee, 2017), the GFDL High‐resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM; Chen and Lin (2011), Chen and Lin (2013), Gao et al. (2017, 2019), Harris et al.…”

“…Zhou et al (2019) and have described key features of the GFDL MP, including thermodynamic consistency with the dynamical core, fast and stable sedimentation processes, and tight coupling between dynamics and physics. The GFDL MP is used in the operational GFS version 15 and 16 (Huang et al, 2021;Patel et al, 2021;Tong et al, 2020) and several other weather and climate models, including GFDL radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) simulations within a limited domain (Jeevanjee, 2017), the GFDL High-resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM; Chen and Lin (2011), Chen and Lin (2013), Gao et al (2017Gao et al ( , 2019, Harris et al (2016)), the GFDL System for High-resolution prediction on Earth-to-Local Domains (SHiELD; ), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS; Dong et al (2020); Hazelton et al (2021)), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model (He et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2015), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) version 5 (Arnold et al, 2020).…”

The Potential Value of Combining Assimilation of Water Vapor Radiances and Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path From ABI on Analyses and Forecasts for Hurricane Irma (2017)

“…For example, the radiance data, from microwave sounder [the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐A (AMSU‐A) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)], microwave imager [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS)] and humidity sounder [Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) and GMI], are capable of providing thermodynamic information under the all‐sky condition. A better description of the tropical cyclone thermodynamic fields under the all‐sky condition allows for reasonable deep convective triggering and development, thus leading to an improved representation of rapid intensification through the assimilation cycle (Kazumori & Kadowaki, 2017; Tong et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2021). In addition to these impacts, all‐sky MW radiance assimilation also improves the tropospheric wind fields, resulting in better midlatitude atmospheric circulation and improves TC track prediction (Xian et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2022).…”