Multiple image encryption by phase retrieval

Abstract

Abstract. Multiple image encryption (MIE) was proposed to increase the efficiency of encrypting images by processing several images simultaneously. Because of the advantage of optical technology in processing twodimensional images at high throughput, MIE has been significantly improved by use of methods originating from optics. Phase retrieval was the process of algorithmically finding solutions to the phase loss problem due to light detectors only capturing the intensity. It was to retrieve phase information for the determination of a structure from diffraction data. Error-reduction algorithm is a typical phase retrieval method. Here, we employ it to illustrate that methods in phase retrieval are able to encrypt multiple images and compress them into encrypted data simultaneously. Moreover, the decryption is also designed to handle multiple images at the same time. The whole process including both the encryption and decryption is proposed to improve MIE with respect to the compression and efficiency. The feasibility and encryption of the MIE scheme is demonstrated with encryption experiments under Gaussian white noise and unauthorized access.

Optical multiple-image encryption in discrete multiple-parameter fractional Fourier transform scheme using complex encoding, theta modulation and spectral fusion

“…To further corroborate the proposed method, we employed the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) [30][31][32] for an objective evaluation. The PSNR between the original image I and the decrypted image I E is computed as (7) where M and N are the values of the corresponding frame size.…”

Multiple-Image Encryption Algorithm Based on the 3D Permutation Model and Chaotic System

“…However, References [7,8] adopt the classical substitution-permutation network, which are similar to the proposed algorithm. Although the algorithms in References [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] are MIE algorithms, these MIE algorithms are designed with the features of optical images, which are not suitable for encrypting digital images. Therefore, this paper compares the proposed algorithm with the algorithms in References [7,8,[16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…Liu et al presented an MIE algorithm with an asymmetric cryptosystem [9]. Di et al proposed an MIE algorithm by the phase retrieval [10]. Xiong et al presented an MIE algorithm in the Fourier domain [11].…”