Multiple independent <scp>I</scp>g<scp>E</scp> epitopes on the highly allergenic grass pollen allergen <scp>P</scp>hl p 5

Levin, Mattias; Rotthus, Stefanie; Wendel, Sofie; Najafi, Nazanin; Källström, Eva; Focke‐Tejkl, Margarete; Valenta, Rudolf; Flicker, Sabine; Ohlin, Mats

doi:10.1111/cea.12423

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The group 5 allergen (Phl p5) is one of the largest triggers of hay fever and allergic asthma. Phl p5 is a protein with two different isoforms and high variability of IgE epitopes explaining its high allergenic potential [ 35 ]. It can be found exclusively in the grass Pooideae subfamily [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass pollen production and group V allergen content of agriculturally relevant species and cultivars

et al. 2018

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Grass pollen is the main cause of hay fever and allergic asthma in warm temperate climates during summer. The aim of this study was to determine the content of group 5 major allergens in pollen grains of agriculturally important grass species/cultivars. For each cultivar flowering dates and pollen production of cut anthers were observed in the field and in a climate chamber, respectively. An ELISA was used to quantify the group 5 allergens (Phl p5) in pollen extracts which were gained from the grass species Kentucky bluegrass, perennial rye grass, timothy, cocksfoot, annual / Italian rye grass, hybrid rye grass and festulolium. The group 5 allergen content of species varied between 0.01 ng (Kentucky bluegrass) and 0.06 ng (timothy) per pollen grain. On cultivar level the pollen allergenic content differed up to 74-times within the selected grass species. Results from this study might be helpful for the reduction of allergen exposure coming from agriculture grass production e.g. by an adapted grass selection or by the cultivation of grasses with low allergenic content in plant breeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass pollen production and group V allergen content of agriculturally relevant species and cultivars

et al. 2018

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“…Major challenges for such approach are the high costs required for the production of large quantities of antibodies and the fact, that for certain allergen sources containing more than one major allergen, cocktails of several monoclonal antibodies will be needed to achieve sufficient blocking of IgE binding to each of the allergens. Moreover, certain allergens contain multiple IgE epitopes which could not be neutralized even with several different monoclonal antibodies [ 80 ].…”

Section: Immunotherapy By Passive Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy

Akinfenwa

Rodríguez-Domínguez

Vrtala

et al. 2020

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of review Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a highly economic, effective and disease-modifying form of allergy treatment but requires accurate prescription and monitoring. New molecular approaches are currently under development to improve AIT by reducing treatment-related side effects, cumbersome protocols and patients’ compliance. We review the current advances regarding refined diagnosis for prescription and monitoring of AIT and the development of novel molecular vaccines for AIT. Finally, we discuss prophylactic application of AIT. Recent findings There is evidence that molecular allergy diagnosis not only assists in the prescription and monitoring of AIT but also allows a refined selection of patients to increase the likelihood of treatment success. New data regarding the effects of AIT treatment with traditional allergen extracts by alternative routes have become available. Experimental approaches for AIT, such as virus-like particles and cell-based treatments have been described. New results from clinical trials performed with recombinant hypoallergens and passive immunization with allergen-specific antibodies highlight the importance of allergen-specific IgG antibodies for the effect of AIT and indicate opportunities for preventive allergen-specific vaccination. Summary Molecular allergy diagnosis is useful for the prescription and monitoring of AIT and may improve the success of AIT. Results with molecular allergy vaccines and by passive immunization with allergen-specific IgG antibodies indicate the importance of allergen-specific IgG capable of blocking allergen recognition by IgE and IgE-mediated allergic inflammation as important mechanism for the success of AIT. New molecular vaccines may pave the road towards prophylactic allergen-specific vaccination.

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“…In combination with site-directed mutagenesis, the authors designed a hypoallergenic group 1 grass pollen allergen fragment ( 118 ). Two other studies used IgE constructs from phage display libraries to map epitopes on Phl p 5 and Bet v 1 ( 119 , 120 ). Four independent epitope clusters on Phl p 5.0101 and two on Phl p 5.0201 were identified ( 119 ).…”

Section: Identification Of Ige Antibody Binding Epitopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two other studies used IgE constructs from phage display libraries to map epitopes on Phl p 5 and Bet v 1 ( 119 , 120 ). Four independent epitope clusters on Phl p 5.0101 and two on Phl p 5.0201 were identified ( 119 ). Four Bet v 1-specific IgE (for one of which the structure was determined) were identified that targeted two non-overlapping epitopes in Bet v 1, as assessed by immunological assays ( 120 ).…”

Section: Identification Of Ige Antibody Binding Epitopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction

2020

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The development of allergic disease involves the production of IgE antibodies upon allergen exposure in a process called sensitization. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and subsequent allergen exposure leads to cross-linking of IgE antibodies and release of cell mediators that cause allergy symptoms. Although this process is quite well-understood, very little is known about the epitopes on the allergen recognized by IgE, despite the importance of the allergen-antibody interaction for the allergic response to occur. This review discusses efforts to analyze allergen-antibody interactions, from the original epitope mapping studies using linear peptides or recombinant allergen fragments, to more sophisticated technologies, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. These state-of-the-art approaches, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, have led to the identification of conformational IgE epitopes. The first structures of an allergen (egg lysozyme) in complex with Fab fragments from IgG antibodies were determined in the 1980s. Since then, IgG has been used as surrogate for IgE, due to the difficulty of obtaining monoclonal IgE antibodies. Technical developments including phage display libraries have contributed to progress in epitope mapping thanks to the isolation of IgE antibody constructs from combinatorial libraries made from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic donors. Most recently, single B cell antibody sequencing and human hybridomas are new breakthrough technologies for finally obtaining human IgE monoclonal antibodies, ideal for epitope mapping. The information on antigenic determinants will facilitate the design of hypoallergens for immunotherapy and the investigation of the fundamental mechanisms of the IgE response.

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Multiple independent IgE epitopes on the highly allergenic grass pollen allergen Phl p 5

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Grass pollen production and group V allergen content of agriculturally relevant species and cultivars

Grass pollen production and group V allergen content of agriculturally relevant species and cultivars

Novel vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy

Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction

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