“…WISE organizations manage multiple goals, including the commercial imperatives of the product and service markets in which their businesses (cafes, bike shops, laundries, recycling centers, restaurants, and others) compete, and the pro-social goals of employment and integration for the disadvantaged communities they hire and train (Borzaga and Loss 2006, Gardin 2006, Nyssens 2006, Nyssens and Platteau 2006, Cooney 2010. The multiple goal structure presents challenges for WISEs due to the fact that these goals reflect different, at times opposing, logics: a commercial logic that emphasizes efficiency, profitability and competitive rivalry versus a service or social welfare logic that aims to maximize a program of supportive intervention to produce results for the beneficiary (Battilana and Dorado 2010, Cooney and Garrow 2010, Besharov and Smith 2014. Further, in contrast to their European counterparts, as new WISEs in the United States have emerged with a broadened focus beyond the sheltered workshop model, the policy supports such as set aside procurements have not been extended to these newer WISEs.…”