Multiple ionization and fragmentation dynamics of molecular iodine studied in IR–XUV pump–probe experiments

Schnorr, Kirsten; Senftleben, Arne; Schmid, Georg; Rudenko, Artem; Курка, М.; Meyer, Kristina; Foucar, L.; Kübel, Matthias; Kling, Matthias F.; Jiang, Yuhai; Düsterer, S.; Treusch, R.; Schröter, C. D.; Ullrich, J.; Pfeifer, Thomas; Moshammer, R.

doi:10.1039/c4fd00031e

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Many of these time-resolved experiments require precise synchronization of an optical femtosecond laser with the FEL. Early synchronization and locking schemes mostly relied on electronic radio-frequency (RF) synchronization (Glownia et al 2010, Redlin et al 2011, where long-term drifts and shot-to-shot jitter of the arrival time of the FEL pulse significantly limited the temporal resolution far beyond the pulse durations of the FEL and the femtosecond laser (Radcliffe et al 2007, Glownia et al 2010, Petrovic et al 2012, Rouzée et al 2013, Schnorr et al 2014b. To address these limitations, x-ray/optical cross-correlators (OXCs) were developed, which measure the relative arrival-time jitter between the FEL and laser pulses on a shot-by-shot basis to offer the ability to correct for this jitter by sorting the data through post-analysis (Gahl et al 2008, Maltezopoulos et al 2008, Azima et al 2009, Drescher et al 2010, Bionta et al 2011, Beye et al 2012, Grguraš et al 2012, Schorb et al 2012, Harmand et al 2013, Riedel et al 2013, Bionta et al 2014, Eckert et al 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jitter-correction for IR/UV-XUV pump-probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser

et al. 2017

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In pump-probe experiments employing a free-electron laser (FEL) in combination with a synchronized optical femtosecond laser, the arrival-time jitter between the FEL pulse and the optical laser pulse often severely limits the temporal resolution that can be achieved. Here, we present a pump-probe experiment on the UV-induced dissociation of 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene (C 6 H 3 F 2 I) molecules performed at the FLASH FEL that takes advantage of recent upgrades of the FLASH timing and synchronization system to obtain high-quality data that are not limited by the FEL arrival-time jitter. We discuss in detail the necessary data analysis steps and describe the origin of the timedependent effects in the yields and kinetic energies of the fragment ions that we observe in the experiment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jitter-correction for IR/UV-XUV pump-probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser

et al. 2017

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“…In fact, Pb requires a 2nd ionization energy of 15.03eV which is more than double of that required for 1st ionization [36]. To further support this assertion, the second ionization potential for I 2 is 15.7 eV [37] similar to that of Pb. Therefore the appearance of Pb ++ towards the ETL layer signifies that it is highly likely that I 2 is also being ionized to form I 2…”

Section: Halide Detection and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cryo-focused ion beam preparation of perovskite based solar cells for atom probe tomography

et al. 2020

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Focused-ion beam lift-out and annular milling is the most common method used for obtaining site specific specimens for atom probe tomography (APT) experiments and transmission electron microscopy. However, one of the main limitations of this technique comes from the structural damage as well as chemical degradation caused by the beam of high-energy ions. These aspects are especially critical in highly-sensitive specimens. In this regard, ion beam milling under cryogenic conditions has been an established technique for damage mitigation. Here, we implement a cryo-focused ion beam approach to prepare specimens for APT measurements from a quadruple cation perovskite-based solar cell device with 19.7% efficiency. As opposed to room temperature FIB milling we found that cryo-milling considerably improved APT results in terms of yield and composition measurement, i.e. halide loss, both related to less defects within the APT specimen. Based on our approach we discuss the prospects of reliable atom probe measurements of perovskite based solar cell materials. An insight into the field evaporation behavior of the organic-inorganic molecules that compose the perovskite material is also given with the aim of expanding the applicability of APT experiments towards nano-characterization of complex organo-metal materials.

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“…As the first long wavelength beamline, FL26 is currently under construction. It will feature a permanent end station designed at MPIK Heidelberg [18]. FLASH1 and FLASH2 together support up to 11 beamlines and, in the future, permanent user endstations offering widely used techniques will be combined with specialized user experimental chambers set up only for specific beamtimes.…”

Section: Beamlinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLASH2: Operation, beamlines, and photon diagnostics

Plönjes

Faatz

Kuhlmann

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Generating circularly polarized radiation in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range at the free-electron laser FLASH Review of Scientific Instruments 88, 053903 (2017) Abstract. FLASH2, a major extension of the soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH at DESY, turns FLASH into a multiuser FEL facility. A new undulator line is located in a separate accelerator tunnel and driven additionally by the FLASH linear accelerator. First lasing of FLASH2 was achieved in August 2014 with simultaneous user operation at FLASH1. The new FLASH2 experimental hall offers space for up to six experimental end stations, some of which will be installed permanently. The wide wavelength range spans from 4-60 nm and 0.8 nm in the 5 th harmonic and in the future deep into the water window in the fundamental. While this is of high interest to users, it is challenging from the beamline instrumentation point of view. Online diagnostics -which are mostly pulse resolved -for beam intensity, position, wavelength, wave front, and pulse length have been to a large extent developed at FLASH(1) and have now been optimized for FLASH2. Pump-probe facilities for XUV-XUV, XUV optical and XUV-THz experiments will complete the FLASH2 user facility.

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Multiple ionization and fragmentation dynamics of molecular iodine studied in IR–XUV pump–probe experiments

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Jitter-correction for IR/UV-XUV pump-probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser

Jitter-correction for IR/UV-XUV pump-probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser

Cryo-focused ion beam preparation of perovskite based solar cells for atom probe tomography

FLASH2: Operation, beamlines, and photon diagnostics

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