Multiple mediators of reward and punishment sensitivity on loneliness

Clark, D. Matthew T.; Loxton, Natalie J.; Tobin, Stephanie J.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.016

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These experiences include those that are socially acceptable and adaptive in the modern environment, which accords with recent research investigating the functional outcomes associated with reward drive (e.g., Clark et al, 2015;Harnett et al, 2013). In contrast, RI was negatively associated with anticipated general pleasure ratings, especially after controlling for RD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…al., 2012). Highly reward driven individuals experience heightened positive affect in rewarding situations and have been found to report greater psychological well-being and hope, and to experience greater sociability and less loneliness (Clark, Loxton, & Tobin, 2015;Harnett, Loxton, & Jackson, 2013). This suggests that RD can be involved in both functional and less desirable reward outcomes.…”

Section: Reward Drive and Rash Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scale appears to assess the more functional aspects of reward sensitivity/drive (Clark et al, 2015;Harnett et al, 2013;Jackson, 2009). An overlap between the reward drive scale and the measure of impulsivity is expected, in part, due to neurologically shared reward circuitry.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rash impulsivity predicts lower anticipated pleasure response and a preference for the supernormal

Goodwin

Browne

Loxton

2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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Alcohol, other psychoactive substances, high calorie foods, media entertainment, gaming, and retail products are all forms of modern supernormal stimuli. They exhibit exaggerated features that activate evolved reward systems more so than the natural stimuli for which these systems are adapted. Recent findings suggest that people may vary in the strength of their preference toward supernormal stimuli. The current study assessed whether the two-factor model of impulsivity ) predicts a preference for supernormal stimuli.A cross-sectional survey design (n=5389) was used to measure anticipatory pleasure for both supernormal and natural-reward experiences; and their hypothesized antecedents: Rash impulsivity (RI) and reward drive (RD). As predicted, RI was positively associated with preference for supernormal stimuli and negatively associated with general anticipatory pleasure ratings. In contrast, RD was positively associated with general pleasure ratings, but explained little to no variance in supernormal preference when controlling for RI. The findings link trait rash impulsivity with increased sensitivity to supernormal stimuli, and provide new insights into both constructs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Reward Drive and Rash Impulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rash impulsivity predicts lower anticipated pleasure response and a preference for the supernormal

Goodwin

Browne

Loxton

2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…Whereas acceptance, “a disposition to accept thoughts and feelings” [40], is the opposite of avoidance and could therefore negatively predict loneliness. Specifically, acceptance predicts over a quarter of the variance in loneliness [41]. Thus, low acceptance (high experiential avoidance) may potentially leave people impaired in social interaction [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiential Avoidance Mediates the Association between Emotion Regulation Abilities and Loneliness

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Experiential avoidance (EA) involves the unwillingness to remain in contact with aversive experiences such as painful feelings, thoughts, and emotions. EA is often associated with the development and maintenance of emotional problems. Since loneliness is characterized by negative emotions such as sadness and pessimism, which is often linked to emotional problems, this study aims to test the mediating effects of EA on the relationship between emotion regulation abilities (ERA) and loneliness in a sample of Chinese adults. Five hundred undergraduates completed questionnaires measuring EA (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire; AAQ-Ⅱ), ERA (Failure-relate action orientation; Action Control Scale, ACS-90) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale). Structural equation modeling showed that EA fully-mediated the relationship between ERA and loneliness. The findings suggest EA is a key mechanism in explaining why people with high ERA are prone to feeling lower levels of loneliness. In particular, these findings have important implications for designing effective psychological interventions for loneliness.

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“…According to the current conceptualization of the two-factor model, trait RD reflects goal-directed approach behavior (Dawe et al., 2004) and is associated with higher sociability and psychological well-being (Clark et al., 2015; Harnett et al., 2013). On the other hand, RI more likely reflects a lack of control (Dawe et al., 2004) and is associated with higher consumption of products providing intense reward with clear negative consequences (Gullo et al., 2011; Loxton et al., 2008; MacLaren et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Reward Drive and Rash Impulsivity on the Consumption of a Range of Hedonic Stimuli

2016

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Background and aimsImpulsivity has consistently been associated with over-consumption and addiction. Recent research has reconceptualized impulsivity as a two-dimensional construct (Dawe, Gullo, & Loxton, 2004). This study explores the relationship of the two components of impulsivity, reward drive (RD) and rash impulsivity (RI), on a broad group of 23 hedonic consumption behaviors (e.g., gambling, substance use, eating, and media use). We tentatively grouped the behaviors into three descriptive classes: entertainment, foodstuffs, and illicit activities and substances.ResultsRD and RI positively predicted elevated levels of consumption in a community sample (N=5,391; 51% female), for the vast majority of the behaviors considered. However, the effect sizes for RD and RI varied significantly depending on the behavior; a pattern that appeared to be at least partially attributable to the class of consumption. Results support the view that RD is related more strongly to the consumption of products that provide social engagement or a sense of increased status; whereas RI better reflects an approach toward illicit or restricted products that are intensely rewarding with clear negative consequences.Discussion and conclusionResults support the utility of the two-factor model of impulsivity in explaining individual differences in patterns of hedonic consumption in the general population. We discuss findings in terms of strengthening current conceptualizations of RI and RD as having distinct implications with respect to health-related behaviors.

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Multiple mediators of reward and punishment sensitivity on loneliness

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Rash impulsivity predicts lower anticipated pleasure response and a preference for the supernormal

Rash impulsivity predicts lower anticipated pleasure response and a preference for the supernormal

Experiential Avoidance Mediates the Association between Emotion Regulation Abilities and Loneliness

Differential Effects of Reward Drive and Rash Impulsivity on the Consumption of a Range of Hedonic Stimuli

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