In the first part of this article, the geometry of Lie algebroids as well as
the Moyal-Weyl star product and some of its generalizations in open string
theory are reviewed. A brief introduction to T-duality and non-geometric fluxes
is given. Based on these foundations, more recent results are discussed in the
second part of the article. On the world-sheet level, we will analyse closed
string theory with flat background and constant H-flux. After an odd number of
T-dualities, correlation functions allow to extract a three-product having a
pattern similar to the Moyal-Weyl product. We then focus on the target space
and the local appearance of the various fluxes. An algebra based on vector
fields is proposed, whose structure functions are given by the fluxes.
Jacobi-identities for vector fields allow for the computation of
Bianchi-identities. Based on the latter, we give a proof for a special Courant
algebroid structure on the generalized tangent bundle, where the fluxes are
realized by the commutation relations of a basis of sections. As reviewed in
the first part of this work, in the description of non-geometric Q- and
R-fluxes, the B-field gets replaced by a bi-vector \beta, which is supposed to
serve as the dual object to B under T-duality. A natural question is about the
existence of a differential geometric framework allowing the construction of
actions manifestly invariant under coordinate- and gauge transformations, which
couple the \beta-field to gravity. It turns out that Lie algebroids are the
right language to answer this question positively. We conclude by giving an
outlook on future directions.Comment: 105 pages, Ph.D. thesis of the autho