Multiple Modes of Transmission of Giardiasis in Primary Schoolchildren of a Rural Community, Thailand

Abstract

Abstract. In February 2005, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of giardiasis in 531 primary schoolchildren of a rural community, Chacheongsao province, Thailand. Using both sedimentation and flotation techniques to detect Giardia duodenalis, the prevalence of giardiasis was 6.2%. Assemblage A, subgenotype II and assemblage B, subgenotype IV were identified by PCR-RFLP of glutamate dehydrogenase gene. Our data might indicate that, in this population, only assemblage A, subgenotype II of G. duodenalis was transmitted via water. Using multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for giardiasis were children of age 5-9 years, households with Ն 3 children under the age of 12 years, low parental educational level, drinking bottled water, and living in close contact with dogs. Washing hands before meals had a protective effect. From these significant risk factors, multiple modes of transmission of G. duodenalis were suggested in this population.

Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among schoolchildren in Bang Khla District, Chachoengsao Province, Central Thailand

“…dispar (2.5%). This result was similar to that in previous studies among Thai children, which found prevalence rates of G. intestinalis in the range of 5.2% to 6.2% [6,7,13], but our results were higher than those of other previous studies conducted among similar populations, where the prevalence of G. intestinalis was in the range of 0.2% to 4.2% [9][10][11] using simple direct smear method and concentration techniques. This difference in prevalence rate may be due to different geographic areas and age groups of inspected individuals.…”

“…The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites from four schools located in Bang Khla District, Chachoengsao Province was 14.8%, which is lower than that previously reported among preschool children in Sanamchaiket District (18.0%) [6] and primary schoolchildren (25.2%) [7] in a rural community in Chachoengsao Province, the central region. Moreover, it was also lower than that reported among children living in Pathum Thani Province (18.0%) [8] in the central region, Chon Buri Province (23.9%) [9] in the eastern region, Sakon Nakhon Province (39.0%) [10], Khon…”

“…Therefore, health education and environmental sanitation improvement are recommended as preventive control measures. from 2.3% to 37.7% in Thai children [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], but no studies on the epidemiology of infectious disease involved study of the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among schoolchildren from Bang Khla District, Chachoengsao Province. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in rural areas from four primary schools at Bang Khla District, Chachoengsao Province in the central region of Thailand, using simple direct smear method and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique.…”

Levels of Zinc, Copper, Magnesium Elements, and Vitamin B12, in Sera of Schoolchildren With Giardiasis and Entrobiosis in Kashan, Iran

“…Also, chronic intestinal parasitic infections have been about the spreading and severity of other infectious diseases of viral origin, tuberculosis and malaria [5]. Low levels of health education, poor individual and public health, poor drinking water, overcrowded conditions and poor environmental sanitation increase the prevalence of giardiasis and enterobiasis [6,7]. The main impact of human intestinal parasitic infections is its relation to trace elements and vitamin deficiency, which may have effects at the community level as regards work and productivity in adults and learning and school performance in children.…”

Evaluation of α-Tubulin as an Antigenic and Molecular Probe to Detect Giardia lamblia

“…IFA coupled with immunomagnetic separation is currently one of the main methods to detect Giardia [23]. In addition, PCR-RFLP had been used frequently in field investigations on the occurrence of Giardia among primary school children [24] or in wild animals [25]. Therefore, the identification and characterization of new markers is needed to improve current detection methods for G. lamblia.…”